Context:Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative opportunistic bacteria causes several infections commonly colonize these devices and developing biofilms. Bacteria in biofilm can be up to 1,000 times more resistant to antibiotics than the same bacteria circulating in a planktonic state.Case Report:A total of 10 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from catheter associated urinary tract infections. While carbenicillin was the most effective antibiotic, all isolates developed multidrug resistant. Both crude and purified bacteriocin showed marked inhibition activity against planktonic and biofilm of the highly resistant isolate P. aeruginosa P7.Conclusion:Bacteriocin extracted from a locally isolated L. acidophilus has an anti P. aeruginosa biofilm activity also it can be used as a therapeutic agent after adequate in vivo experimentation.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous environmental organism, is a difficult-to-treat opportunistic pathogen due to its broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance and its ability to form biofilms. In this study, we investigate the link between resistance to a clinically important antibiotic, imipenem, and biofilm formation. First, we observed that the laboratory strain P. aeruginosa PAO1 carrying a mutation in the oprD gene, which confers resistance to imipenem, showed a modest reduction in biofilm formation. We also observed an inverse relationship between imipenem resistance and biofilm formation for imipenem-resistant strains selected in vitro, as well as for clinical isolates. We identified two clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients that formed robust biofilms, but were sensitive to imipenem (MIC ≤ 2 μg/ml). To test the hypothesis that there is a general link between imipenem resistance and biofilm formation, we performed transposon mutagenesis of these two clinical strains to identify mutants defective in biofilm formation, and then tested these mutants for imipenem resistance. Analysis of the transposon mutants revealed a role for previously described biofilm factors in these clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, including mutations in the pilY1, pilX, pilW, algC, and pslI genes, but none of the biofilm-deficient mutants became imipenem resistant (MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml), arguing against a general link between biofilm formation and resistance to imipenem. Thus, assessing biofilm formation capabilities of environmental isolates is unlikely to serve as a good predictor of imipenem resistance. We also discuss our findings in light of the limited literature addressing planktonic antibiotic resistance factors that impact biofilm formation.

Three lactobacilli species, namely; L. bulgaricus, L. plantarum, and L. acidophilus were isolated from yoghurt, vinegar, and vagina, respectively, showed inhibition activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from several wound infections specimens. However, S. aureus was more affected than P. aeruginosa by the all lactobacilli isolates, on the other hand, L. plantarum showed the highest inhibition activity on both pathogenic isolates. Lactobacillus plantarum cells or supernatant succeeded in preventing S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from establishing wound infection. Since the inflammation and histopathological signs which developed by either S. aureus or P. aeruginosa were disappeared when the wounds were treated by lactobacilli cells or supernatant.

Imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (IRAB) represents one of the important causing agents of nosocomial infections especially in immunocompromised and Intensive Care Units (ICUs) patients. The aim of this work was to identify the Imipenem-Resistant genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Baghdad hospitals. Among 128 A. baumannii isolates, 67 isolates (58.26%) were resistant to imipenem and meropenem. Four genes for imipenem resistance (blaOXA-23 like, blaOXA-24 like, blaOXA-51like and blaOXA-58 like) were amplified and sequenced. The presence of blaOXA-23-like genes in 91.03% of IRAB isolates indicated that the blaOXA-23-like genes are the predominant mechanism for imipenem resistance in our isolates. Sequencing of PCR products showed the presence of new OXA-genes in local A. baumannii isolates including: OXA-207, OXA-239 and OXA-229 among the genes of OXA-24-like, OXA-23-like and OXA-58-like genes, respectively. In conclusion, this study identifies the genes responsible for the imipenem resistance in Baghdad which is important to understand the imipenem resistance and to suggest plans for treatment of patients in future.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces an extracellular biofilm matrix that consists of nucleic acids, exopolysaccharides, lipid vesicles, and proteins. Alginate, Psl and Pel are three exopolysaccharides that constitute the main components in biofilm matrix, with many biological functions attributed to them, especially concerning the protection of the bacterial cell from antimicrobial agents and immune responses. A total of 25 gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa selected isolates were enrolled in this study. Biofilm development was observed in 96% of the isolates. In addition, the present results clarified the presence of pelA and pslA in all the studied isolates. The expression of these genes was very low. Even though all biofilms were affected by gentamicin, the results of fold change showed a wide variation. In conclusion, all P. aeruginosa isolates carried psl and pel regardless of the intensity of the biofilm. A strongly positive correlation with gentamicin minimum inhibitory concentration was noticed. ‫ل‬ ‫الجيني‬ ‫التعبير‬pelA ‫و‬ pslA ‫في‬ ‫الزنجارية‬ ‫ائف‬ ‫الزو‬ ‫الجنتامايسين‬ ‫اجهاد‬ ‫عند‬ ‫حسن‬ ‫الزساق‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫محمود‬ 1 , 2 ‫مصلح‬ ‫نجيب‬ ‫,ليث‬ 2 ‫المذخوري‬ ‫فهد‬ ‫جبار‬ ‫حارث‬ , 3 1 ‫ات،‬ ‫السختبر‬ ‫قدػ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫األمؽر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫دائر‬ ‫اق‬ ‫العر‬ ‫بغداد،‬ ‫الرحة،‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ار‬ ‫وز‬ ‫فشية،‬ 2 ‫اق‬ ‫العر‬ ‫االنبار،‬ ‫االنبار،‬ ‫جامعة‬ ‫العلؽم،‬ ‫كلية‬ ‫الحياة،‬ ‫علؽم‬ ‫قدػ‬ 3 ‫اق‬ ‫العر‬ ‫بغداد،‬ ‫بغداد،‬ ‫جامعة‬ ‫العلؽم،‬ ‫كلية‬ ‫الحياة،‬ ‫علؽم‬ ‫قدػ‬ ‫الخالصه‬ ‫و‬ ‫نؽوية‬ ‫احساض‬ ‫مؼ‬ ‫يتألف‬ ‫خلؽي‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫حياتي‬ ‫غذاء‬ ‫قالب‬ ‫ية‬ ‫نجار‬ ‫الز‬ ‫ائف‬ ‫الزو‬ ‫تشتج‬ ‫يد‬ ‫الدكر‬ ‫عديد‬ ‫الخارجي‬ ‫و‬ ‫االلجيشات‬ ‫تعد‬ ‫بروتيشات.‬ ‫و‬ ‫دىشية‬ ‫وحؽيرالت‬ psl ‫و‬ pel ‫في‬ ‫األىػ‬ ‫يد‬ ‫الدكر‬ ‫عديد‬ ‫مؼ‬ ‫ثالثة‬ ‫و‬ ‫الحياتي‬ ‫الغذاء‬ ‫تركيب‬ ‫يزطلع‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫السزادات‬ ‫مؼ‬ ‫ية‬ ‫البكتير‬ ‫الخلية‬ ‫حساية‬ ‫وخرؽصا‬ ‫عديدة‬ ‫حياتية‬ ‫بؽظائف‬ ‫مجسؽعو‬ ‫ما‬ ‫اسة‬ ‫الدر‬ ‫ليذه‬ ‫اختير‬ ‫السشاعي.‬ ‫الجياز‬ ‫و‬ ‫الحياتية‬ 22 ‫السقاومة‬ ‫ية‬ ‫نجار‬ ‫الز‬ ‫ائف‬ ‫الزو‬ ‫مؼ‬ ‫لة‬ ‫عز‬ ‫في‬ ‫الحياتي‬ ‫الغذاء‬ ‫تكؽن‬ ‫لؽحظ‬ ‫للجشتامايديؼ.‬ 69 ‫مؼ‬ ‫كل‬ ‫وجؽد‬ ‫الحالية‬ ‫الشتائج‬ ‫أوضحت‬ ‫كسا‬ ‫الت.‬ ‫العز‬ ‫مؼ‬ % pslA ‫و‬ pelA ‫جدا.‬ ‫مشخفزا‬ ‫الجيشيؼ‬ ‫ليذيؼ‬ ‫الجيشي‬ ‫التعبير‬ ‫كان‬ ‫ذلغ‬ ‫على‬ ‫عالوة‬ ‫اسة.‬ ‫الدر‬ ‫الت‬ ‫عز‬ ‫جسيع‬ ‫في‬ ‫قد‬ ‫الجشتامايديؼ‬ ‫مؼ‬ ‫الرغػ‬ ‫على‬ ‫كان‬ ‫الجيشي‬ ‫التعبير‬ ‫في‬ ‫ه‬ ‫تاثير‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اال‬ ‫الت،‬ ‫العز‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫الحياتي‬ ‫الغذاء‬ ‫في‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫كل‬ ‫تستلغ‬ ‫ية‬ ‫نجار‬ ‫الز‬ ‫ائف‬ ‫الزو‬ ‫الت‬ ‫عز‬ ‫جسيع‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اسة‬ ‫الدر‬ ‫ىذه‬ ‫مؼ‬ ‫ندتشتج‬ ‫ان‬ ‫السسكؼ‬ ‫مؼ‬ ‫اسعة.‬ ‫و‬ ‫بدرجة‬ ‫متغاير‬ 296 ‫مؼ‬ pslA ‫و‬ pelA ‫التر‬ ‫بيؼ‬ ‫ضعيف‬ ‫تباط‬ ‫ار‬ ‫وجؽد‬ ‫لؽحظ‬ ‫كسا‬ ‫الحياتي.‬ ‫الغذاء‬ ‫قؽة‬ ‫و‬ ‫شدة‬ ‫عؼ‬ ‫الشعر‬ ‫بغض‬ ‫كيز‬ ‫مؼ‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫الجيشي‬ ‫التعبير‬ ‫و‬ ‫للجشتامايديؼ‬ ‫األدنى‬ ‫السثبط‬ pslA ‫و‬ pelA .