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Objective: The purpose of the study was to measure the size and describe the morphology of sella turcica in different skeletal types. Materials and methods:Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 180 subjects (91 males, 89 females) in the age group of 9 to 27 years were grouped into skeletal Class I, II, III (60 subjects in each group). Linear dimensions which include the length, depth and anteroposterior diameter were measured and the shape was analyzed. A student t-test was used to calculate the difference in linear dimensions and oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to study the relationship between sella turcica size and skeletal types.Results: Considering the age groups, linear dimensions were larger in older group than in younger group (p < 0.01). Significant difference was noted in length between males and females (p < 0.05). When skeletal types were compared to the sella size, significant difference was found in the length and diameter. The shape of sella turcica appeared normal in majority of the subjects (61%). Conclusion:Linear dimensions and shape of sella turcica in the current study can be used as reference standards for further investigations involving the sella turcica in South Indian population.

OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the effect of functional appliances on the airway dimensions in patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Articles were identified through a literature survey carried out through the following databases: (1) PUBMED, (2) Google Scholar, (3) The Cochrane Library, (4) Embase, (5) Lilac, and (6) Web of Scholars. The systematic review analyzed 12 articles comprising removable functional appliances, 3 articles with fixed functional appliances, and 2 articles having both fixed and removable functional appliances.RESULTS:Qualitative assessment was done for all the 17 studies. The effect of functional appliances in the dimensions of three airway spaces – nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx were analyzed.CONCLUSIONS:Significant increase in the dimensions of nasopharynx and oropharynx was observed with Activator. Significant increase in the nasopharynx and hypopharynx (male patients) was observed with Bionator. Insignificant increase in the oropharynx was observed with the same. Significant increase in the oropharynx and hypopharynx was observed with Twin Block. Insignificant increase in the nasopharynx was observed with the same. Significant increase was observed only in the hypopharynx for Frankel II. Decreased or insignificant change was observed with FMA, MPA IV, and Herbst appliances.

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Background: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder with delusions about defects in appearance for which patients seek various treatments. Patients with BDD often seek cosmetic procedures, and orthodontic treatment is one among them. This is the first Indian study to determine the prevalence of BDD in an orthodontic outpatient department. Materials and method: A total of 1184 patients with varying degrees of malocclusion completed the BDD-YBOCS questionnaire, while an experienced orthodontist assessed the severity of malocclusion with a rating scale. Results: Sixty-two patients (5.2%) were screened positive for BDD. Most of the BDD-positive patients were single (p value of 0.02) and had multiple previous consultations for orthodontic treatment (p value of < 0.00**) with a gender predilection toward males (p value of 0.00**), and age was not statistically significant with a p value of 0.3. Conclusion: From our study, the prevalence of BDD among orthodontic patients was 5.2%. The orthodontist should be aware of the high prevalence of BDD among orthodontic patients and identify the expectations of the patient at the time of history taking and refer the patient to a psychiatrist for diagnosis and appropriate management.