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Introduction.______________________________________ Hydrogeography of Navajo Lake and environs-____ Development of the Navajo Lake problem_________ Purpose and scope of study._____________________ Hydrology _________________________________________ Stream-gaging stations_________________________ Records of Navajo Lake.._______________________ Test procedure-________________________________ Navajo Sinks____________________________ Duck Creek Sinks._________________________ Water quality._________________________________ Variations observed in 1954-58 and frequency of occurrences of high and low years_______________ Conclusions based on data collected in 1954-58_-_ Relation of Navajo Lake to Cascade and Duck Creek springs.___________________________ Other sources of water in major springs______ Water regimen and supply of Navajo Lake_____

Analysis of regional runoff-______________________ Streamflow variability_____________________ Streamflow expressed in units of standard deviation ____ _________________________________ Regional runoff characteristics.________--____-__-_ Streamflow as indicated by tree rings____________ Problems of correlation______________________ Results of correlation studies.________________

Pre-Cambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic Tertiary (?) rocks _______________________ Little Cottonwood stock. ____________ Lavas and water-laid volcanics _______ Quaternary deposits in the mountains. Glacial deposits __ _ ________________ Alluvial and other surficial deposits. __ Some relationships between the source rocks and valley sediments. _________________________ Deposits in Utah Valley_-__-____-____-____ Salt Lake formation (Tertiary) ___________ Pre-Lake Bonne ville deposits (Pleistocene) __ Exposed deposits ___________________ Concealed deposits. _ ________________ Lake Bonneville group. _ _______________ Alpine formation. _ __________________ Gravel member_________________ Sand member_-______-________-Silt and clay member _ _________ Bonneville formation. _______________ Prove formation.

Most people in the California Region live in a semiarid or arid climate, with precipitation less than the potential evapotranspiration-environments of perennial water deficiency. The deficiency becomes most onerous during the characteristically rainless summers and during recurrent droughts that may continue for 10--20 years. However, water from winter rain and snow can be stored for use during the dry summer months, and water stored during a wet climatic period can be used in a succeeding dry period; moreover, perennial deficiency can be overcome by bringing water from areas of perennial surplus. Ground-water reservoirs have especial significance in arid and semiarid regions as repositories where water is stored or can be stored with minimum loss by evaporation.Nearly all the ground-water reservoirs of the California Region are in alluvial sediments of valleys and plains that flank the mountain ranges. The largest, underlying the vast Central Valley, occupies 10 El E2 SUMMARY APPRAISALS OF THE NATION'S GROUND-WATER RESOURCES water with complacency. But complacency can lead to neglect and carelessness and consequent deterioration of the ground-water resource by pollution.Claiming heritage from the English Common Law, the existing California law grants to the landowner (riparian) and private enterprise (appropriator) rights to the water stored in ground-water reservoirs or discharged from them, including the base flow of streams. Ground-water development has been by private and local enterprise, and the California legislature has protected and encouraged local responsibility, control, and management of ground water. As to surface water, a constitutional amendment in 1928 limited riparian rights to the quantities of water that were "reasonably required for the beneficial use to be served." The surpluses have become public waters which are collected, stored, transported, and delivered under various contracts by Federal, State, and other agencies. The agencies have not stored water underground because of uncertainty as to their rights, but some local agencies have been encouraged with favorable pricing schedules to undertake the artificial recharge and management of ground-water reservoirs. Thus, conjunctive use of surface and ground water has become a matter of interagency negotiation.Of all the constraints on effective use of ground-water reservoirs, the most formidable may be the attitudes of people. Assurance of water supply is vital in areas of water deficiency, and Government has assumed increasing responsibility for the welfare of people in these areas. Unfortunately, when Government provides this assurance, most beneficiaries demand continued subsidy to the exclusion of perhaps cheaper private development. Indeed, as the water resources are presently segregated-with private rights predominant in ground water and public interest dominant in surface water-ground-water development has suffered for lack of public concern. The region has the scientific and technologic capability for effective use of groundwater re...