This paper interrogates the negotiation and mediation techniques that was used following aggression, violence and social disruptions in Mano River basin, particularly against the recent return to democracy in the region. While peace has largely been restored, the scattered but continuing incidence of aggression, violence and social disruptions in the Basin has raised questions about the viability of negotiation and mediation techniques. The success or failure of these techniques has effect on the sustainability of State, individual and social structures in the region. Therefore, the paper argues that enough attention has not been paid to the ethical, moral and historical dimensions of the problem of negotiation and mediation, especially the role of traditional institutions and civil society agencies as critical components in con lict resolution. Given this, the paper draws attention to some of the gaps and challenges embedded in 'imported' negotiation and mediation techniques that leverage the certi ication of con licts in Africa as being "ethnic and racial". Using secondary data and drawing on personal experiences in the Mano River Basin (MRB) countries in West Africa, the paper also raises critical questions about the relationship between negotiation and mediation techniques and con lict resolution and the lessons learned so far. It also suggests ways of addressing those aspects of negotiation and mediation techniques de icits as a basis for suggesting options that will likely reduce recourse to con licts, encourage dialogue and inclusive participation, as well as increase the chances for peace in the region and Africa.

Higher Education in Africa has gone through various stages and processes. Starting from the colonial period, higher education was conceived as the fulcrum to drive development, provide skilled workers for administration, and showcase the best in knowledge production in the continent. The listed aims were seen as the Higher Education agenda. However, years after independence, questions are being raised about the quality of knowledge dispensed and viability of graduates to compete in the labor market, within and outside Africa. To answer these questions, the chapter, relying on survey and secondary data, addresses the challenges of quality management in African universities in view of the Higher Education Agenda. This is with a view to recommending policy options that address the quality management deficits in Africa's Higher Education.

Con lict and its resolution have often been part of human history. While the post-colonial state has often been the focus when explaining the persistence of con licts and its resolution in Africa, the bene its of such focus and analysis has not been enough to explain the intra-and interstate nature of con licts and con lict management in Africa. This necessitates a reconsideration of con lict management strategies. Such reconsideration will show the intricate ways con licts and its resolutions are shaped, especially in post-con lict societies, through the instrumentality of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism. With Liberia as the focus and unit of analysis, it noted that the country has been the epicentre of several years of violent con licts with both internal and external dimensions, raising questions about the effectiveness of the orthodox con lict management mechanisms given that the Liberian conlict was intractable for a long time. However, the adoption of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms has helped resolve most, if not all, of the con licts. This paper, therefore, examines the local, traditional and communal alternative dispute resolution mechanisms used to solve the Liberian crisis. Speci ically, the paper interrogates traditional methods of con lict resolution, inclusive of communalism, ethnocultural perception of con licts and its resolution, as

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