from 2.7 to 9.3; controls: from 2.7 to 5.8; p<0.001) with no significant difference between groups (p=0.12). Ratios of cortisol to cortisone metabolites, indicating the overall activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, increased postoperatively in both groups (p<0.001). In conclusion, surgery resulted in a distinct postoperative increase in cortisol production. In contrast to our hypothesis, children undergoing major cardiac surgery did not show an increased adrenal stress response compared to children undergoing conventional surgery. Furthermore, the reduction in cortisol inactivation appears to be an essential part of the stress response to pediatric surgery in general.

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for discussion of details and limitations of the matching process. 939 885 9 14 Notes: Interpolation of the age categories, based on the distribution of exact ages in a random sample of households drawn from the 1860 census manuscript schedules (see Richard H. Steckel, The Economics 0fLI.S. Slave and Southern White Fertility [New York, 19851, pp. 660-74), was required for women in the census years of 1800 to 1820.

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