Chinese and Japanese stereotypes have undergone dramatic changes. Early stereotypes were uniformly negative, reflecting the social, economic, and political climate in America. Labor union members and gold miners were particularly vehement in their denunciation of Asian Americans because of the perceived threat of job competition. With the passage of numerous discriminatory laws and the entrance of other ethnic minorities, the Chinese and Japanese were considered less dangerous and the favorability of stereotypes increased. World War

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The most outstanding fact about Japanese American marriage patterns prior to the 1960s was that Japanese tended to marry predominately within their own group. However, a review of past studies and an analysis of current rates of intermarriage indicate that this pattern is rapidly changing. Outgroup rates approaching 50 percent for Japanese American marriages occur in areas as diverse as Hawaii, Los Angeles, Fresno, and San Francisco. The varying rates and patterns of Japanese outmarriages are discussed.