We sought to identify the mechanisms that cause strongly fused individuals (those who have a powerful, visceral feeling of oneness with the group) to make extreme sacrifices for their group. A large multinational study revealed a widespread tendency for fused individuals to endorse making extreme sacrifices for their country. Nevertheless, when asked which of several groups they were most inclined to die for, most participants favored relatively small groups, such as family, over a large and extended group, such as country (Study 1). To integrate these findings, we proposed that a common mechanism accounts for the willingness of fused people to die for smaller and larger groups. Specifically, when fused people perceive that group members share core characteristics, they are more likely to project familial ties common in smaller groups onto the extended group, and this enhances willingness to fight and die for the larger group. Consistent with this, encouraging fused persons to focus on shared core characteristics of members of their country increased their endorsement of making extreme sacrifices for their country. This pattern emerged whether the core characteristics were biological (Studies 2 and 3) or psychological (Studies 4-6) and whether participants were from China, India, the United States, or Spain. Further, priming shared core values increased the perception of familial ties among fused group members, which, in turn, mediated the influence of fusion on endorsement of extreme sacrifices for the country (Study 5). Study 6 replicated this moderated mediation effect whether the core characteristics were positive or negative. Apparently, for strongly fused persons, recognizing that other group members share core characteristics makes extended groups seem "family like" and worth dying for.

Anthropomorphism refers to the tendency to imbue the nonhuman objects with human

Word and text analysis has become an alternative method to examine social and psychological problems when other common methods could not access the internal workings of a participant's psyche. This study shows that text analysis, as an alternative method, is capable to identify important psychological aspects contained in the song lyrics written by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) with regard to his strategic role as a country and political leader. Three main aspects are identified: emotion, achievement, and harmony. The lyrics of 23 Indonesian songs written by SBY have been gathered for the purpose of analysis. Three studies were carried out to analyze the psychological aspects contained in SBY's song lyrics. Firstly, the author applied algoritma kata (AK-word algorithm) to identify the degrees of valence and arousal in each song using the word count method. Secondly, the author applied analisis lirik keseluruhan (ALKthe whole lyric analysis) to assess the valence and arousal in every song by means of human judgment. Third, the author applied expert judgment (EJ) to analyze the dominant words that emerge in all song lyrics. This study shows that SBY's song albums have consistently shown a positive valence and an increasing level of arousal from 2006 to 2014. In addition to that, EJ method shows that those dominant words represent SBY's two most prominent psychological aspects: achievement and harmony.

This study examines two stages of vote-selling among voters: to accept or refuse money, and then to vote for the vote-buyer or competitor. Using unethical behavior and money-as-temptation as a framework, we predict that the amount of the money will influence the decision to accept, but that the effect will be lower among voters with higher inhibitory self-control (ISC). We also predict that accepting money will influence the vote choice, but that the influence will be lower when the competitor has higher levels of integrity and leadership. Overall, the voters decision on money offered will moderate the relations between amount of money and vote choice. A population-based survey experiment with 1,220 participants of Indonesian voters was conducted to test these predictions. Participants were randomly assigned to one of 12 groups using a 4 (money offered: IDR50,000 vs. 100,000 vs. 150,000 vs. none) × 3 (candidate's personal quality: high leadership competitor vs. high integrity competitor vs. equal) between-group design. They made two hypothetical decisions: to accept or refuse the money, and to vote for the vote buyer or the competitor. The results showed that participants were signicantly tempted by larger amount of money, but the effect was moderated by ISC. However, there were no significant interaction between decision on money offered and candidates’ quality in influencing vote choice. Results from mediation analysis showed that accepting money was significantly mediate the influence of money on vote choice. Theoretical implications for understanding the practice of vote-buying and vote-selling are discussed.

Time is an abstract concept that can be understood by making an analogy or a metaphor from a more concrete concept such as a spatial construct. Previous research found that people from different cultures and languages constructed time movement differently. In addition, the use of a specific time metaphor tends to activate a different type of temporal reasoning. Time metaphor studies related to Indonesian culture and language are still limited. Although it is known that Indonesians tend to use different temporal reasoning compare to other countries, how their time metaphors may have an impact on their temporal reasoning is still unknown. It is then important to further investigate the effect of time metaphor on time reasoning particularly in different cultural contexts and how it may have impact on people behavior. This paper will discuss some findings in the area of time metaphor and temporal reasoning, including the influence of culture on time conception.