Major sporting events such as the Olympics are usually assessed in terms of economic impacts. Recently, policy makers have begun to place greater emphasis on possible intangible effects (such as civic pride, legacy of sporting facilities) associated with such events. To date, little work has been carried out on quantifying these effects in a meaningful way. This study uses contingent valuation methodology to assess the value of the proposed 2012 London Olympic Games. The survey is carried out on the provincial city of Bath, approximately 2 hours west of London. Conducting the survey outside of London is justified on the basis that the organizers of London 2012 have emphasized the value of the event to the United Kingdom as a whole. The results suggest that positive intangible effects are associated with the event and residents outside of London are willing to pay toward funding.

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We describe a newly developed 352xRGBx440 System-LCD that incorporates an ambient light sensor system comprising a lateral photo diode and analog processing circuits integrated directly onto the display substrate in CG-Silicon. By intelligently controlling the LCD backlight level in response to ambient lighting conditions we achieve low power consumption with high reliability at low cost.

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