Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) being foremost clinical and public health problem accounts for 4.6 million deaths annually worldwide. Diabetes screening using saliva alternate to blood and urine could assist diabetes testing among the public. Aims and Objectives: To assess and establish the relationship of 1, 5-anhydroglucitol (1, 5-AG) in blood and saliva among DM and normal control subjects. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 subjects (G1) comprising hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) confirmed type 2 DM and HbA1C confirmed 30 healthy controls (G2) were selected. Blood and whole saliva collected from G1 and G2 subjects centrifuged, aliquoted, and subjected to mass spectrometry. Quantification of 1, 5-AG in blood and saliva samples by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry was conducted. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Statistical analysis of data depicted G1 with lower salivary, serum 1, 5-AG levels compared to G2. Moderate positive correlation between salivary 1, 5-AG levels and serum 1, 5-AG levels in G1 and G2 observed. Conclusion: Serum 1, 5-AG levels could be predicted using the salivary 1, 5-AG levels. Therefore, 1, 5-AG in saliva could be predicted as a salivary biomarker in Type II DM patients.

Background: Olfactory dysfunctions albeit commonly studied in research study are rarely tested in clinical practice and commonly overlooked in elderly. With ageing, rate of decline in olfactory and cognitive functions increases. Diabetic patients are more prone to develop these olfactory and cognitive dysfunctions. Elderly diabetic patients with olfactory dysfunction were found to have increased incidence of cognitive impairment as compared to patients without olfactory dysfunction. So olfactory function testing can be used as screening tool to detect cognitive impairment at earliest and can halt the progression of cognitive impairment by appropriate measures. Methods: A cross-sectional study done on 200 elderly diabetic patients. Olfactory dysfunctions were detected by open essence test and cognitive testing was done with MMSE. Patients with psychosis, apparent dementia, any nasal disease were excluded. Results: Out of 200 patients total number of patients with MMSE <23, 24-26 and >26 were 19, 51 and 150 with average Open Essence (OE) score 6.05±, 6.74±0.92 and 8.5±0.54 respectively indicating that patients with lower OE score were found to have lower MMSE score. Conclusion: With ageing, olfactory as well as cognitive dysfunction increases. Diabetes accelerates these processes substantially. Olfactory dysfunction precedes the development of cognitive impairment. So elderly patients with diabetes should be screened for olfactory functions so that proper measures could be taken to decrease the incidence or severity of cognitive dysfunction.