BACKGROUND Accurate staging is the cornerstone in management of lung cancer. It helps to determine the therapeutic modality and to assess prognosis. More than half of bronchogenic carcinomas have distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Presence of metastasis confers stage 4 for the disease. Presence of metastasis also increases patient morbidity and mortality. So the knowledge of pattern and sites of metastasis in bronchogenic carcinoma is crucial for its detection and management. Staging of bronchogenic carcinoma is one of the important indications for Positron Emission Tomography. Combined Computed tomography and PET (PET-CT) is superior to either modality alone in staging of lung cancer. It helps in identifying the site and morphology of lesion. Aims and Objectives-1. To determine the sites of metastases in Bronchogenic carcinoma by PETCT 2. To compare sites of metastases with the histological cell type MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a hospital based retrospective study involving 78 patients with histologically proven bronchogenic carcinoma who underwent PETCT scan from June 2016-May 2017 in A J Institute of medical sciences, Mangalore. The sites of metastasis were noted. Brain metastasis was not included as MRI is a more sensitive tool. The sites of metastases as determined by PETCT were compared with histological cell type of bronchogenic carcinoma.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne communicable disease which one of the leading causes of morbidity and deaths worldwide (ranking above AIDS).1 Probability of detecting AFB on sputum is greatly associated by the radiological findings.8 Because of the apparent widespread difficulty in recognizing the radiographic manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis, it will be beneficial to review the spectrum of chest x-ray abnormalities in sputum positive tuberculosis patients. Aim: To study clinical features, radiological features and comorbidities among newly detected sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Settings and design: The hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from the year 2016-2018 at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Mangalore. Methodology : Newly diagnosed smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis aged between 18-70 years attending OPD/IPD of Department of Respiratory Medicine, who fulfilled study eligibility criteria were included. Comprehensive clinical assessment was conducted and information regarding socio-demographic profile, comorbidities were noted. Chest x-ray PA view was performed for all patients. Statistical A nalysis: Data was analyzed in SPSS V:20. Data is presented in frequency, percentages. Chisquare, was applied to test significance of association. Results: A total of 563 (309 elderly and 254 adult) patients participated in study. Male predominance was noted (64.7%). Cough (94.1%) and expectoration (83.8%) were the most common symptoms. High bacillary load (3+) and bilateral lungs involvement were predominant among elderly patients (75.6%). Cavitary lesions were predominant among adults. Infiltration (39.6%), cavitary lesions (37.7%) and consolidation (37.5%) were most common lesions seen in chest x-ray. Cavitary lesions were found in higher percentage among patients with higher bacterial load of 2+and 3+ (36.8% and 33.0% respectively). Bilateral lesions were associated with TB patients with diabetes mellitus (69.7%). Conclusions: Infiltration and cavitary lesions among newly diagnosed sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Lower zone involvement among female group and Bilateral involvement and atypical lesions among PTB patients with diabetes mellitus were noted. Higher rates of co-morbid conditions like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders and COPD among elderly TB patients, higher bacillary load and atypical findings among diabetics warrant need for active screening.

BACKGROUND Bronchogenic carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer related deaths, more than Colon cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer combined. Chest computed tomography (CT) chest is widely used for diagnosis, part of staging, planning treatment and monitoring. The type and distribution of lesion in chest CT may give a fair idea regarding the nature and histology of lesion. Aims and Objectives-To study the chest CT patterns of bronchogenic carcinoma and to correlate the patterns with histological cell type. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a hospital based retrospective study involving 101 patients aged 35-80 years with histologically diagnosed bronchogenic carcinoma patients over a period of five years. Chest CT patterns were studied and compared to histology. Statistical analysis was done by chi square test. RESULTS Mass lesions formed 88.1% of cases (p value 0.0001), which was significant. This was followed by solitary pulmonary nodule (5.9%), consolidation (2.97%) and cavitatory lesion (2.97%). 52% of mass lesions were located in both upper lobes and this was significant (p value 0.0001) Adenocarcinoma was the most common cell type. There were 6 (5.94%) solitary pulmonary nodules. Among solitary pulmonary nodules majority were adenocarcinoma (83.33%). 2.97% with cavitating malignancy, all were squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION Upper lobe mass lesion is the most common presentation of bronchogenic carcinoma in computed tomography of chest. Solitary pulmonary nodules are commonly located in upper lobes. Adenocarcinoma is the commonest cell type. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cause for cavitating bronchogenic carcinoma and common on right side. Adenocarcinoma is overall most common cell type.