To meet the requirements of high data rate, third generation partnership project (3GPP) has come across the development of long term evolution (LTE). High data rate can be achieved with the help of an advanced modulation method. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) was considered as a modulation method especially in the downlink of the communication systems. It gives many advantages like frequency diversity, increased capacity and robustness against impulse noise. Besides these advantages, a major drawback of OFDMA is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). High PAPR affects the system by lowering the power amplifier efficiency, increased complexity as well as shorter battery life. In case of uplink communication, where better peak power characteristics benefit the mobile terminals with respect to power efficiency, OFDMA is not a possible solution. To handle such situations, 3GPP has introduced a modified form of OFDMA which is known as Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). It provides same advantages as OFDMA along with low PAPR. To further improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system and power amplifier efficiency Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) can be extended to SC-FDMA system. This paper surveys causes, effects and possible solutions of high PAPR in a communication system.

The standard organization Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) aiming high data rate and high throughput developed long term evolution (L TE). Two multiple access schemes used in L TE for satisfying the requirements of high data rate and high throughput are Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). But a major problem faced by OFDMA is high er peak to average power ratio (P APR) that causes an increase in the power of transmitter in uplink. Therefore for uplink transmission, OFDMA scheme cannot be considered. In uplink, a modified form of OFDMA called SC-FDMA can be used where the subsequent transmission of subcarriers helps to reduce the P APR of the signal. Through the use of space-frequency block code (SFBC), the low P APR property of SC-FDMA system gets damaged whereas modified SFBC reduces P APR but causes only slight bit error rate (BER) deterioration. In this paper, we present another coding scheme, space-time block code (STBC) to examine the performance ofthe system. Results obtained for the work shows that the use of our proposed scheme helps to attain a good reduction in P APR along with acceptable BER degradation.