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tamoxifen) and radiation therapy.Oophorectomies were performed for the treatment of breast cancer or for benignconditions. Dates of death were obtained from the Polish Vital StatisticsRegistry. Causes of death were determined by medical record review. Predictorsof survival were determined using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results In all, 839 patients with a CHEK2 mutation were matched to 839patients without a mutation. The mean followup was 12.0 years. The 15-yearsurvival for CHEK2 carriers was 76.6% and the 15-year survival for non-carriercontrol patients was 78.8% (adjusted HR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.84-1.34; P = 0.61).Among CHEK2 carriers, the 15-year survival for women who had anoophorectomy was 86.3% and for women who did not have an oophorectomywas 72.1% (adjusted HR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38-0.90; P = 0.02). Among controls,the 15-year survival for patients who had an oophorectomy was 84.5% and forwomen who did not have an oophorectomy was 77.6% (adjusted HR = 1.03;95% CI: 0.66-1.61; P = 0.90). Conclusion Among women with breast cancer and a CHEK2 mutation,oophorectomy is associated with a reduced risk of death from breast cancer.