Abuse of power for the sake of business and trade profit has become an increasingly average occurrence in the practice of public procurement in this era of moral disruption. It is commonplace that government officials make an illicit arrangement with companies through bribery scheme to win tenders in the procurement of goods and services. This practice resulted in a shift of ideology and abuse of authority by government officials. This practice is contrary to the professional code of ethics, so it is necessary to settle such cases through juridical channels. The intervention of public officials in determining the award of contracts of government projects to certain parties has resulted in a crisis of public trust in law enforcement in Indonesia. This article reviews the basic principles of the criminal act of corruption and the commitment and integrity of government officials in implementing the professional code of ethics, and upholding honesty in order to achieve equitable law enforcement. This paper proves and confirms that the abuse of power by government officials for the sake of business profit in the public procurement has weakened Indonesia’s investment sector. In many cases, these activities may even lead to unfair competition in the trade and business sectors.Abstrak: Memperdagangkan otoritas guna melancarkan praktik bisnis dan perdagangan merupakan hal yang banyak terjadi di era disrupsi moral ini. Para pejabat pemerintah sering kali bekerja sama dengan para pengusaha dengan cara membantu memberikan stimulus berupa kemenangan tender dalam pengadaan barang dan jasa. Praktik tersebut mengakibatkan terjadinya penyalahgunaan wewenang oleh para pejabat pemerintah. Hal ini bertentangan dengan kode etik profesi, sehingga diperlukan penyelesaian perkara melalui jalur yuridis. Adanya intervensi pejabat publik dalam penetapan pihak yang menangani proyek pemerintah menyebabkan terjadinya krisis kepercayaan publik terhadap penegakan hukum di Indonesia. Artikel ini menelaah ulang dasar pokok aturan-aturan tentang tindak pidana korupsi serta bagaimana komitmen dan integritas para pejabat pemerintah dalam melaksanakan kode etik profesi, menjunjung tinggi kejujuran guna mewujudkan penegakan hukum yang adil. Tulisan ini membuktikan dan menegaskan bahwa perdagangan otoritas dalam praktik bisnis melemahkan sektor investasi Indonesia. Pada banyak kasus, kegiatan ini bahkan cenderung memperkuat kondisi persaingan tidak sehat dalam sektor perdagangan dan bisnis.

Abuse of power for the sake of business and trade profit has become an increasingly average occurrence in the practice of public procurement in this era of moral disruption. It is commonplace that government officials make an illicit arrangement with companies through bribery scheme to win tenders in the procurement of goods and services. This practice resulted in a shift of ideology and abuse of authority by government officials. This practice is contrary to the professional code of ethics, so it is necessary to settle such cases through juridical channels. The intervention of public officials in determining the award of contracts of government projects to certain parties has resulted in a crisis of public trust in law enforcement in Indonesia. This article reviews the basic principles of the criminal act of corruption and the commitment and integrity of government officials in implementing the professional code of ethics, and upholding honesty in order to achieve equitable law enforcement. This paper proves and confirms that the abuse of power by government officials for the sake of business profit in the public procurement has weakened Indonesia’s investment sector. In many cases, these activities may even lead to unfair competition in the trade and business sectors.Abstrak: Memperdagangkan otoritas guna melancarkan praktik bisnis dan perdagangan merupakan hal yang banyak terjadi di era disrupsi moral ini. Para pejabat pemerintah sering kali bekerja sama dengan para pengusaha dengan cara membantu memberikan stimulus berupa kemenangan tender dalam pengadaan barang dan jasa. Praktik tersebut mengakibatkan terjadinya penyalahgunaan wewenang oleh para pejabat pemerintah. Hal ini bertentangan dengan kode etik profesi, sehingga diperlukan penyelesaian perkara melalui jalur yuridis. Adanya intervensi pejabat publik dalam penetapan pihak yang menangani proyek pemerintah menyebabkan terjadinya krisis kepercayaan publik terhadap penegakan hukum di Indonesia. Artikel ini menelaah ulang dasar pokok aturan-aturan tentang tindak pidana korupsi serta bagaimana komitmen dan integritas para pejabat pemerintah dalam melaksanakan kode etik profesi, menjunjung tinggi kejujuran guna mewujudkan penegakan hukum yang adil. Tulisan ini membuktikan dan menegaskan bahwa perdagangan otoritas dalam praktik bisnis melemahkan sektor investasi Indonesia. Pada banyak kasus, kegiatan ini bahkan cenderung memperkuat kondisi persaingan tidak sehat dalam sektor perdagangan dan bisnis.

<p>This paper contains about how to apply the law of transfer of right on land as well as the requirements for acquiring eigendom right on land through statute of limitation<br />(daluwarsa), both before the enactment of the Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Law (hereinafter referred as BAL) and after the enactment of the BAL. Furthermore, the prerequisites for obtaining eigendom right on land will be analysed based on the provisions of the principle of good faith, also describe the reasons for property rights to be nullified and become state land according to the applicable law. There is also in this paper the author uses normative legal research methods by utilizing legal literatures and legal dictionaries. This research resulted in unexpected conclusions because based on literature studies, legal facts were produced if there were differences in the rules for acquiring land right through statute of limitation between the Civil Code and the BAL, so that it had implications for the land law system in Indonesia.</p>

Introduction to The Problem: Since digital reform, business and trade sectors have begun to expand their network in cyberspace. Transactions carried out also no longer refer to ordinary things. The modern era of society indeed prefers a more efficient payment process, namely through a credit card. On the other hand, the advancement of digital technology also provides opportunities for perpetrators of crime in cyberspace. The fraud, which was initially carried out with the objects of written reports, began to move lanes towards data manipulation in the form of carding. Purpose/Objective Study: This paper is intended to analyze and examine carding as cyber fraud in three legal studies: criminal law, business, and commercial law, and transnational criminal law. This study illuminates the intersection between criminal law, business and commercial law, law and technology, and international criminal law in carding cases. Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper is normative legal research using a comparative approach and regulations related to carding and cyber fraud. Findings: The study highlighted that carding as a manifestation of cyber fraud is also a transnational crime, which involves networks or groups across national borders to carry out certain illegal businesses or activities. Included in this case is the data theft on credit cards. Of course, this has resulted in a shift of public trust towards the credit card provider sector, namely banks, so that there is a need to strengthen the juridical pathway nationally and internationally.