This study tested the efficacy of a 12-session parent training program, the Chicago Parent Program (CPP), which was developed in collaboration with African American and Latino parents. Using growth curve modeling, data were analyzed from 253 parents (58.9% African American, 32.8% Latino) of 2-4 year old children enrolled in 7 day care centers serving low-income families. Day care centers were matched and randomly assigned to intervention and waiting-list control conditions. At 1-year follow-up, intervention group parents used less corporal punishment and issued fewer commands with their children. Intervention children exhibited fewer behavior problems during observed play and clean-up sessions than controls. Additional group differences were observed when dose was included in the analytic model. Parents who participated in at least 50% of CPP sessions also reported greater improvements in parenting self-efficacy, more consistent discipline, greater warmth, and a decline in child behavior problems when compared to reports from controls. The implications of these results for preventive parent training with low-income African American and Latino parents and the role of intervention dose on parent-child outcomes are discussed.Keywords parent training; ethnic minority; prevention; preschool Parent training is one of the most widely studied interventions for reducing childhood behavior problems, increasing positive parenting behaviors, and reducing parent reliance on harsh disciplinary strategies (Kazdin, 1997;McMahon, 1999;Sanders, 2007). Moreover, many studies have shown that parent training effects can be maintained over time (Gross et al., 2003;Irvine, Biglan, Smolkowski, Metzler, & Ary, 1999;Strayhorn & Weidman, 1991;Webster-Stratton, 1998b). As a result, parent training is increasingly used, both exclusively or as a component of more comprehensive prevention programs to reduce behavioral risk among children from low-income families (Conduct Problems Prevention Group, 1999;Dumas, Prinz, Smith, & Laughlin, 1999;Gottfredson et al., 2006). NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPreventive interventions targeting low-income families typically include a large number of African-American and Latino families, primarily due to the fact that these ethnic minority groups are disproportionately represented among those living in poverty (Corcoran & Adams, 1997). Yet many of the empirically-supported interventions used to help low-income and ethnic minority parents were originally developed and tested on middle-income and non-Latino White samples (Coard, Wallace, Stevenson, & Brotman, 2004;Forehand & Kotchick, 1996;Gorman & Balter, 1997).Research shows that economically disadvantaged families tend to receive less benefit from parent training than families from higher socioeconomic groups (Lundahl, Risser, & Lovejoy, 2006), a finding some have attributed to the various correlates of economic disadvantage (Dumas & Wahler, 1983). However, it is possible that diminished ...

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But basically I've lost my mind completely that's all people have told me. I really am crazy. I think I am. I've heard tell the only people who commit suicide are real muts well I'm a nut. Always have been. Greg (1973-1988) God, if you are listening, please take me to Heaven and. I hear suicide is a sin itself but uh. And I also hear everything happens for a reason. So maybe this is happening for a reason too. I just feel so alone right now. Mark (1974-1993)

Child and parent ratings of 14 items of the Children's Depression Rating Scale--Revised are compared for a non-clinical and clinical sample. Four hypotheses are tested: (1) children and parents differ in rating depressive symptoms; (2) children rate depressions less severely than parents; (3) parents report greater severity for behavioral and children for ideational symptoms; and (4) the relationship between child and parent ratings does not differ between samples. The first hypothesis was supported in the non-clinical sample and the second in the clinical sample. Support for the third hypothesis was equivocal. Finally, the fourth hypothesis was rejected. Implications of these results for the diagnosis of depression in childhood are discussed.