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Controlled switching system (CSS) with a 204 kV gas circuit breaker (GCB) demonstrates to reduce an inrush current and to eliminate re-ignitions in shunt reactor switching. Target closing and opening instants for controlled switching are determined by the electrical and mechanical characteristics of GCB. Idle time dependence of the operating time, which gives a sufficient impact on controlling accuracy, is evaluated and successfully compensated by synchronous switching controller (SSC). Field operation of CSS for a year shows an effective suppression of inrush current on closing and prevention of re-ignitions on opening of shunt reactor. The operations also proved that the CSS has a satisfactory performance for electro-magnetic disturbance imposed in practical field. GCB

Controlled switching, taking into account the residual flux level within a transformer core, can effectively eliminate inrush currents. Many switching sequences assume the residual flux as a constant value, which can be obtained by a measurement after a transformer de-energization. However, in case of a transformer system that is switched by a circuit breaker equipped with a grading capacitor, the residual flux characteristic cannot be considered as constant. A source voltage will feed the deenergized transformer system through the grading capacitor, which will change the residual flux level and let oscillations appear. It follows that the optimal re-energization targets change and inrush currents might not be optimally minimized. Further, transient voltages based on line failures can influence the residual flux through a grading capacitor as well. At first, this paper evaluates the influence of a grading capacitor on the residual flux characteristic analytically. Further, measurements of two transformer systems at a varied de-energization instant and for different grading capacitors provide actual information for the development of future controller systems.