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Quality indicator monitoring for GIOP significantly improved appropriate anti-osteoporotic drug prescriptions, especially in men and postmenopausal women.

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare, clinicopathologically heterogeneous disorder with systemic inflammation and/or multi-organ dysfunction related to a high pro-inflammatory cytokine status. 1 Since Fajgenbaum et al. proposed the international consensus diagnostic criteria for iMCD, there has been less confusion regarding diagnostic and treatment approaches for the disorder. 2 However, iMCD has considerable heterogeneity. 3 Pathologically, iMCD is divided into plasma cell (PC) type, hypervascular (HV) type, and a mixed variant, although the histological definition of the mixed variant is unclear. The pathology of PC-type iMCD (PC-iMCD) is characterized by atrophic to hyperplastic germinal centers, interfollicular plasmacytosis, and mild to severe vascularity. Clinically, patients with iMCD are further classified into iMCD not otherwise specified (iMCD-NOS) or thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, renal insufficiency, and organomegaly clinical subtype (iMCD-TAFRO). TAFRO syndrome is a heterogeneous entity with a constellation of the aforementioned symptoms, including infectious diseases,