In this study, the possible effects and impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on real estate development and management processes were examined by making an evaluation and an insight on administrative and media records. Crises and global effects of pandemics were described as an unforeseen event which have negatively affect project development in the real estate sector, sales operations of existing real estate, costs estimates, values and rates of return of existing real estate sector in general. The inception of new policy and precaution measures, especially travel bans and restrictions on domestic and foreign tourists impacts the tourism sector and causes its revenue to decrease, the narrowing of the volume of transactions in real estate such as retail facilities, office and residence transactions, increased vacancy rate in hotels, the additional measures taken due to the pandemic causes the significant increase in operating costs, decrease of rent collection creates losses due to declining in demand, net operating income and investment value also tends to decline. Change in business orientations, working and living conditions necessitates a review of planning, project development, marketing strategies, use and management processes of settlements. This study has It is observed that Turkish the government wants to revive the real estate markets only with the increase of sales of existing residences and businesses and tourism-oriented measures (such as a hygiene certificate), but it is clear that the measures taken for radical change in the long run are still inadequate. It should be emphasized that there is not yet enough work done to estimate how long the impact will continue and what is its financial burden will be in the years after March 2020, when the first case of the outbreak has been reported.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate asymmetric pricing behaviour and impact of coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic shocks on house price index (HPI) of Turkey and Kazakhstan. Design/methodology/approach Monthly HPIs and consumer price index (CPI) data ranges from 2010M1 to 2020M5 are used. This study uses a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model for empirical analysis. Findings The findings of this study reveal that the Covid-19 pandemic exerted both long-run and short-run asymmetric relationship on HPI of Turkey while in Kazakhstan, the long-run impact of Covid-19 pandemic shock is symmetrical long-run positive effect is similar in both HPI markets. Research limitations/implications The main limitations of this study are the study scope and data set due to data constraint. Several other macroeconomic variables may affect housing prices; however, variables used in this study satisfy the focus of this study in the presence of data constraint. HPI and CPI variables were made available on monthly basis for a considerably longer period which guaranteed the ranges of data set used in this study. Practical implications Despite the limitation, this study provides necessary information for authorities and prospective investors in HPI to make a sound investment decision. Originality/value This is the first study that rigorously and simultaneously examines the pricing behaviour of Turkey and Kazakhstan HPIs in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic shocks at the regional level. HPI of Kazakhstan is recognized in the global real estate transparency index but the study is rare. The study contributes to regional studies on housing price by bridging this gap in the real estate literature.

Purpose Information about the current and future composition of the population in terms of household size and the desired housing preferences provides a good foundation for determining current and future housing needs. The policy-makers and developers can also use such knowledge as a starting point in their housing and commercial real estate investment decisions. In Turkey, urbanization and housing issues have accompanied the growth of industrialization. Within the scope of the country’s urbanization history, various instruments have been used to solve the lack of housing issues. The constructed houses should be accessible or affordable by fixed-income earners in the middle and lower socio-economic classes, who are mostly excluded. In particular, the real estate development sector has taken manageable risks by closely following the changing social and economic conditions and developing a variety of housing concepts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the housing sector situation and affordability issues and then use time series analysis to present relationships between macroeconomic factors and housing demand in Ankara region. Design/methodology/approach The approach uses a survey of recent housing projects cover 2016 to 2018 for housing affordability conditions. Also, the study uses the Johansen co-integration test, variance analysis and impulse-response test to explain the relationships between macroeconomic indicators and housing demand for Ankara. Findings According to the results of time series analysis, the macroeconomic factors are affecting the demand and the number of houses sold. The research results try to find a negative or positive correlation between the numbers of houses sold and the monthly macroeconomic variables. Mortgage interest rates, usage permits, construction permits and household expenditure were found the most correlated with housing sold as a representative proxy of housing demand. This paper claims that current housing affordability is related to current housing supply and demand variables. If housing supply (as construction and usage permits) and income (as interest rates and expenditures) are at favorable levels, then housing transaction volumes increase. Research limitations/implications This paper highlights the need to examine how to assist developers to more rapidly develop knowledge and experience to reflect the implications of change in practice. This paper is formulating a housing demand model for real estate developers, using number of house sales and other administrative statistics in Ankara region. Practical implications If macroeconomic conditions are stable, then this encourages consumers to invest for housing whether they are affordable or not. According to the results, key factors of housing market are based on interest rates, income expectation and gaining social status. The consumers anymore not only want to buy a house to live and also want to gaining prestige. Originality/value The paper not only shows that current price is affordable or not but also supports why price is going up although price is not affordable. The findings identify how the market is developing and adhering to a product model development theory. The paper is different from previous studies because of the use of monthly income and supply proxies together in Turkey with time series model. These results are close to the theoretical expectations and provide good indicators for policy-makers.

This paper aims to analyse the land use and land management system in Burkina Faso. First, land use change and its drivers over the period 1983–2014 have been assessed using a multiple linear regression analysis. Additionally, based on documentary analysis and interviews, land use policy implementation and institutional issues have been assessed. Agricultural land increased by 35.42% during the period examined, and econometric estimation shows that change in agricultural land is mostly driven by social factors such as population density, economic factors such as value added in the three main sectors, and spatial factors such as other types of land. In terms of land policy, the first Agrarian and Land Reform Act in 1984 initiated a successive land management policy in the country's agenda. Even if policy adoption is relatively sufficient in the country, public institutions' capacity to implement a successful sustainable land management model regarding land access, land development, land resources protection, land market, and investments in infrastructure remains very limited. Therefore, the main conclusion of this paper is that beyond socioeconomic and biophysical factors as driven by land use change, political, and institutional failure may amplify their effects.