The relationship between FDI inflows and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is still one of the most important topics among both environmentalists and economists. In this study, the Toda-Yamamoto augmented Granger causality method is applied to analyze the relationship between FDI inflows and CO2 emissions by employing annual data from 1974 to 2011 to determine whether the pollution haven hypothesis is valid in Turkey. The results of the causality test indicated that FDI inflows and CO2 emissions have a short-run univariate causal relationship, with positive causality moving from CO2 emissions to FDI inflows. One direction effect of CO2 emissions on FDI inflows supports the pollution haven hypothesis in Turkey.

This study focuses on the causality relationship between international tourism revenue and economic growth in the Turkish economy during the period 1963-2013. Yearly time series data were obtained from the World Data Indicators and the Turkish Statistical Institute. Three different methodologies were employed to test the causality: pairwise Granger causality, unrestricted VAR and Toda-Yamamoto VAR analysis. All tests yielded strong evidence for unidirectional positive significant causality running from tourism revenue to economic growth. Additionally, IR and VD analyses also showed that the two variables affect each other. The findings of this study support the view that tourism-led growth hypothesis is valid for the Turkish economy.

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ÖZET : Bu çalı mada ekonometrik modeller kullanılarak Türkiye'de ekonomik büyüme ve sanayile me arasındaki nedensellik ili kisi analiz edilmi tir. Birim kök, basit nedensellik, koentegrasyon ve hata düzeltme yöntemleri kullanılarak de i kenler arasındaki nedensellik ili kisi ve nedenselli in yönü belirlenmi tir. Ekonometrik testler, ekonomik büyüme ile sanayile me arasında pozitif ve çift yönlü bir nedensellik oldu unu göstermektedir.