No abstract

Head injuries are dangerous injuries that are common in combat sports. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of concussion in sport have are not precisely known. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the dynamic response of the head based on linear and rotational accelerations in boxing using computer simulation. The ADAMS software model was used to determine the linear and rotational acceleration of boxing’s straight punch. The peak linear acceleration, average linear acceleration, peak rotational acceleration, and average rotational acceleration resulted from the straight punch to head were obtained: 75 g, 20 g, 4036 rad/s², 1140 rad/s², respectively; the impact times were 30 ms and 3 ms, respectively. The comparison of acceleration tolerance thresholds of head injury and obtained results of this study showed the rotational acceleration only leads to head injury. Furthermore, it is biomechanically improbable that the head would be moved only translationally or rotationally as a result of a straight punch. Therefore, both rotational and linear accelerations should be observed together for future studies.

Background and Aims: Brain injuries caused by the linear and rotational acceleration of the head and neck. Head and neck orientation are one of the factors determining the type and severity of brain injury that it has less attention in previous studies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was investigation of the effect of head and neck orientation on linear and rotational acceleration in Boxing. Materials and Methods: In the current study, a computer simulation method was used to investigate the effect of head and neck orientation on linear and rotational accelerations of the head during punching in boxing. At first, an appropriate model of head and neck and punch was simulated in Adams software. Then, the inverse kinematic method and Euler ZXZ angles were used to determine the orientation of the head and neck. Results: The results revealed that the maximum linear and rotational acceleration was related to reference state (Anatomical position) were 75g, and 4036, respectively. The head and neck orientation did not affect the magnitude of the linear and rotational acceleration in the sagittal plane. However, as the angle of the head and neck orientation increased in the frontal plane, the magnitude of the linear and rotational acceleration decreased. Conclusion: According to the results, only rotational acceleration was the cause of brain injury in boxing. Increasing the angle of orientation of the head and neck in frontal plane would lead to a reduction in intensity. Therefor. It can be stated that by detecting of biomechanical parameters associated with head injury and influential factors affecting it, can be predicted in severity of damage and related risk factors and implemented for the rehabilitation of its related solutions.