Relapse prevention (RP) programs mainly focus on patients and their families; however a patient's community can also play a significant role in RP. A randomized-controlled-trial was conducted among opiate-dependents discharging from residential abstinence-based treatment programs to assess the effect of a community-based relapse prevention program (CBRP) on the RP. Seventy-one participants were consented and randomized into CBPR (n = 35) or treatment-as-usual arms. Developing and implementing CBRP, social-workers and peer-group counselors facilitated and advocated thirty-six RP projects across 7 communities during a three-month follow-up period. Negative-drug-tests, 45 and 90 days after discharge from residential programs were considered as the main outcome. Abstinence rates were significantly greater for patients who received CBRP in comparison to the subjects in the treatment-as-usual arm at 45 days (27 and 20, P < 0.004) and 90 days (27 and 21, P < 0.007) after discharge. CBRP was an effective method for RP among opiate-dependents after being discharged from the residential programs.

Background Peer and parental substance use are established predictors for substance use among adolescent, little is known about influence of sibling cigarette smoking and its interaction with peer network on substance use potential that can introduce an important way for substance use prevention programs. Objective The aim of present study was to explore the association of sibling cigarette smoking and peer network with substance use potential among high school students in Tehran. Subjects Data were drawn from the population-based cross-sectional study of among 650 high schools students. Methods Multiple linear regression was used in order to determine the adjusted association between cigarette smoking among family members, peer network, their interaction and substance use potential. Result Having a sister who smokes (B = 3.19; p < 0.01) and peer network quality were associated with substance use potential (B = -0.1; p < 0.05). The increase in mean of substance use potential associated with decreases in peer network quality score is much more than in who have a sister with a cigarette smoking habit. Conclusion Having a sister who smokes interacts with peer network quality; appears to be one of the important mechanisms for adolescents' tendency to substance use. These findings can help in a better understanding of substance use potential mechanisms, screening efforts and the formulation of prevention programs.

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the validity and reliability of Persian version of spirituality scale among elderly Iranian people. Methods:Based on the international quality of life assessment (IQOLA) project approach, Persian version of the spirituality scale was prepared. Data on 200 elderly people (over 60 years old) were entered into SPSS software. Results:The ndings of the descriptive results of the current study showed that there was no correlation between the demographic data collected in this study such as age, religion and marital status with spirituality. On the other hand, after performing the exploratory factor analysis, calculating test-retest and intra-class correlation coef cient and measuring Cronbach's Alpha coef cient for internal consistency, the results showed that respectively the reliability, the face and content validity of the questionnaire were con rmed in high level. Also, through the exploratory factor analysis, the construct validity was con rmed. Conclusions: The Persian version of the spirituality scale in the elderly people with an acceptable reliability and validity can be used in clinical assessment and research.

Back ground & Objective:In recent approaches regarding mental health, the social life of a person, i.e. how a person lives socially, is known as an inseparable component of mental health. While most of mental health assessment instruments just deal with individual aspects such as mood and anxiety and on the other hand, the instruments which have been constructed to assess social health frequently disregard the other aspects of mental health. Our object was to build a single instrument to assess these two important aspects of mental health(psychosocial health). Materials and Methods:It's a cross-sectional, descriptive study on 382 students inuniversities of Tehran province. The participants were entered via stratified random sampling. A demographic checklist, Keyes Social Wellbeing scale (for social aspect of mental health), and SCL-25 (for individual aspect of mental health) were usedto collect data,. Then questions of both scales were placed on exploratory factor analysis and factor structure of this compound psycho-social wellbeing questionnaire was determined.Results:The results of exploratory factor analysis with Oblimin rotation showed that the psychosocial wellbeing construct has consisted of sixfactors that altogether explained 61% of its variance. Cronbach α coefficient of 0.938 also approved the reliability of the construct with 30 items. Conclusion:PsychosocialWellbeing questionnaire with sixfactors and 30 items is a reliable and valid scale toassess both of individual and social aspects of mental health.