The BceABRS four-component system in S. mutans is involved in sensing, response and resistance to host defence peptides, and is required for the biofilm formation and fitness of S. mutans.

Drosophila melanogaster is a commonly used organism in biological research. Their Air Sac Primordium (ASP) is analogous to the human lungs in that it supplies oxygen to the flight muscles. Furthermore, the ASP has emerged as a good structure to study cellular invasive processes with the potential to aid in our understanding of tumor metastasis. The ASP originates on the outside of the wing imaginal disc and then burrows into the wing imaginal disc as it develops. What genes are involved in this process is not well understood. A genetic screen for genes that are expressed in the ASP identified a proton pump gene encoding a V‐ATPase. The V‐ATPase is a vacuolar proton pump that plays a large array of roles from regulating the pH of cells internal space, to regulating endocytosis, to processing proteins and degradation. In insects, the V‐ATPase are important in establishing a membrane potential to drive K+ secretion. It has also been found to influence tracheal branching. Using RNA interference, the gene for the V‐ATPase was knocked down resulting in a defect in ASP development. Data from these and other experiments will be presented and their significance will be discussed. Support or Funding Information Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network (KBRIN) GrantGatton Academy Research Internship Grant (RIG)Faculty Undergraduate Student Engagement (FUSE) Grant

The Drosophila Air Sac Primordia (ASP) can be used to study invasive behavior as it mimics tumor behavior when it invades into the Wing Imaginal Disc (WID) during larval development. A protein expressed in the ASP was found to be coded by the gene pebbled (peb). This study was conducted to see whether pebbled influences the invasive behavior of the ASP. Using Drosophila genetics and RNA interference, the pebbled gene was knocked down and less‐developed and less‐invaded ASP's were seen as the result. The data presented provides information on the possible role of pebbled in tumor invasion. The downregulation of pebbled also lead to a decrease in filopodia (actin projections protruding from the ASP) supporting the claim that there is a direct positive correlation between quantity of filopodia and the invasive capabilities of the ASP.Support or Funding Information KBRIN AREA and IDeA Grants funded by a grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health Grant # P20GM103436 WKU Biotechnology Center Gatton Academy Research Internship Grant (RIG) WKU Faculty Undergraduate Student Engagement (FUSE) Grant This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

According to the Republik of Indonesia Ministry of Health in 2013, maternal deaths occurs a lot at home. The death in health facilities are happen in reference cases. The deaths occur in tbe referral case because the distance too the hospital is >5km by 30%. One of wisdom Republik of Indonesia Ministry of Health in effort to reduce maternal and infant mortality is Jaminan Persalinan (Jampersal) and effective referral in cases of complication. This study uses descriptive analytical methods and uses secondary data. Determination of samples using random sampling techniques, and based on Slovin formula totaling 82 samples. The most referrals came from Puskesmas with 63% samples, 76 patients with standard referral, reference time >60 minutes is 49 samples, referral flow procedures with direct contact criteria as many 76 samples, complications of Prelabor Rupture of Membrane had a total sample of 26 samples, the most normal delivery assistance measures were carried out with a total of 31 samples, aterm gestational age amounted to 68 samples, 20-35 years old maternal age group is 64 samples, multigravida as many as 48 samples, non-nearmiss mothers numbered 80 samples, Apgar’s Scores of baby with Normally there are 75 samples Abstrak Jumlah kematian yang terjadi pada ibu dirujuk karena jarak tempat tinggal ke rumah sakit >5 km sebanyak 30%. Salah satu kebijakan Kementerian Kesehatan RI dalam upaya menurunkan kematian ibu dan bayi adalah Jaminan Persalinan (Jampersal) dan terlaksananya rujukan yang efektif pada kasus komplikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik bivariat, dengan design cross sectional. Pengumpulan data menggunakan data sekunder. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling, didapatkan jumlah sebanyak 82 sampel. Rujukan paling banyak berasal dari puskesmas dengan jumlah 63 sampel (76,8%), pasien dengan kelengkapan standar merujuk sebanyak 76 sampel (92,7%), waktu merujuk >60 menit yakni sebanyak 49 sampel (59,8%), Prosedur alur rujukan dengan kriteria langsung menghubungi sebanyak 76 sampel (92,7%), komplikasi Ketuban Pecah Dini memiliki jumlah sampel sebanyak 26 sampel (31,7%), tindakan pertolongan persalinan normal paling banyak dilakukan dengan jumlah 31 sampel (37,8%), Usia Kehamilan Aterm berjumlah 68 sampel (82,9%), kelompok Usia Ibu 20-35 tahun berjumlah 64 sampel (78%), Multigravida sebanyak 48 sampel (58,5%), keadaan ibu tidak nearmiss berjumlah 80 sampel (97,6%), Apgar Score Bayi dengan kriteria normal berjumlah 75 sampel (91,5%). Rujukan yang dilakukan pada fasilitas primer sudah dilakukan sesuai standar namun masih ada beberapa data yang kurang lengkap, diharapkan dapat lebih meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan system rujukan.

Fruit flies (D. melanogaster) are ideal genetic model organisms that can closely replicate human genetic anomalies and characteristics. The invasion of the Air Sac Primordia (ASP), an organ analogous to the human lung, into the Wing Imaginal Disc (WID) of larval fruit flies is closely related to tumor metastasis in humans, as both processes use similar mechanisms to break down the basement membrane. By studying genes responsible for ASP invasion, researchers may be able to identify analogous genes in humans responsible for tumor metastasis. A genetic screen, using 100 protein trap lines, was conducted to find genes expressed in ASP and potentially involved in ASP invasion. The protein trap lines tagged endogenous proteins with a Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) to indicate tissue localization of selected proteins under a fluorescent microscope. WID were isolated from 10 third instar larvae of each line and imaged using fluorescence microscopy. Eleven of the 100 lines screened exhibited GFP expression in the WID, but not in the ASP. Only one of the 65 lines exhibited GFP expression in the ASP. The gene responsible was Apontic (apt). Apontic's role in ASP invasion will be further investigated using RNA interference to knock down the gene.Support or Funding InformationAnas Gondal*, Hasan Salim, Dr. Ajay Srivastava, and Nathan PowersGatton Academy of Math and Science, Department of Biology and Biotechnology Center, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KYKBRIN AREA and IDeA Grants funded by a grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health Grant # P20GM103436Gatton Academy Research Internship Grant (RIG)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.