The pet-ether soluble fraction (PEF), Carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction (CTSF) and Chloroform soluble fraction (CFSF) of the methanolic extract of stem bark of Elaeocarpus serratus were investigated for cytotoxic activity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay .The methanolic extract was also evaluated for possible antioxidant activity using nitric oxide scavenging activity and reducing power assays. In Elaeocarpus serratus, the LC 50 value were found to be 14.94, 0.831 & 3.288 µg/mL in pet-ether soluble fraction (PEF), Carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction (CTSF) and Chloroform soluble fraction (CFSF) of the methanolic extract respectively. The extract showed significant antioxidant activity in nitric oxide scavenging activity and reducing power assay. In nitric oxide scavenging activity, the IC 50 value of Elaeocarpus serratus extract was 89.325µg/mL while the IC 50 value of ascorbic acid was 47.684µg/mL. It was found that scavenging of nitric oxide by the extract was concentration dependent.

In this study, we examined the difference in expenditure patterns between foreign resident visitors and foreign tourist visitors at a nature-based destination. We also examined the effects of sociodemographic profiles, travel characteristics, and perceived importance on expenditure patterns during off-peak and peak seasons. Generally, the results revealed low average daily expenditure compared with other nature-based destinations. Whereas no differences were observed during the off-peak season, the sociodemographic characteristics, travel characteristics, perceived importance, and expenditure pattern differed between foreign resident and foreign tourist visitors during the peak season. These results suggest that patterns of expenditure and perceived importance of foreign visitors are influenced by the seasonality of a nature-based destination. On the other hand, foreign resident visitors and foreign tourist visitors differ in their characteristics, perceived importance of destination attributes, and expenditure patterns, particularly during the peak season. Longer periods of residence in the host country might result in foreign resident visitors becoming local visitors. Our findings contribute to practical knowledge of the segmentation of foreign visitors at nature-based destinations.

The application of segmented, smart completion strings is expanding to enhance the hydrocarbons production along extended horizontal drains that are drilled across heterogeneous carbonate reservoir units, Offshore Abu Dhabi. Conclusive formation evaluation answers are required to support the well completion design. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance well logging while drilling "NMR-WD" supports the operations efficiency, HSE and adds a wealth of input to the completion design in a time-efficient process. A quantitative matrix independent porosity and permeability are required. In this case, we present the value of laboratory NMR measurements to maximize the value of the log interpretation process, adding a conclusive picture of the pore size distribution and reservoir quality as critical inputs. Representative core plug samples of the different major rock types have been selected along the Upper Jurassic Carbonate sequence, Offshore Abu Dhabi. The plugs have undergone Soxhlet cleaning, and routine core analysis measurements before Mercury injection capillary pressure measurements were carried out on plug trims too. Saturation of the plugs was conducted using synthetic formation brine and desaturation has been conducted over porous plate. A complete scanning of the pore size and pore throat distributions was made available and the transverse relaxation time T2 cutoff for the irreducible fluid was identified, then applied to the NMR-WD dataset. The laboratory measurements could be used to reprocess the log data, bridge the gap between the Coates permeability computation and the offset core values based on the measured benchmark T2 cutoff values. The integration between the porous plate, MICP and NMR laboratory measurements is utilized to qualify the NMR-WD as a vital tool for the future similar formation evaluation operations across the same target reservoir. NMR-WD log data interpretation is enforced with a representative pore size distribution. The quantitative matrix properties representation improves the well completion design.

Undeveloped reservoirs poses many uncertainties in terms of reservoir structural control and inherent properties and as a result integrated fit for purpose engineering and technology plays a vital role to drill, appraise and complete a well successfully. While Maximum Reservoir Contact (MRC) wells show promise in increased deliverability, sustainability and cumulative recovery, the risk of high cost, reduced well life and sustainability issues can become real if the well is not planned, executed and appraised properly. This paper focuses on the integrated multi-disciplinary approach between Reservoir Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, Drilling and Geoscience functions to achieve MRC of 8,500 ft. in two sublayers of 3 ft. each while mapping and avoiding any potential risk for water zones. Data acquisition pertaining to reservoir characterization, fracture and fault identification was planned to enhance this undeveloped reservoir understanding and to optimize lower completion design. 3D real-time multiwell reservoir modelling and updating capabilities with appropriate LWD measurements for Proactive Geosteering and Formation Evaluation was planned. Based on forward response model from offset well data along with drilling engineering and data acquisition requirements, an LWD suite consisting of RSS, Gamma Ray Image, High Resolution Resistivity Image (Fracture and Fault identification), NMR (both Total and Partial Porosities, and T2 Distribution) along with a Deep Azimuthal Resistivity measurement for early detection and avoidance of conductive/water zones was utilized. Achieved a field record of the longest drain drilled with 8,500 ft. of MRC. The fit for purpose real time LWD measurements enabled successful placement of the lower completion and blanking the risk zones for pro-longed sustainable production. Identification of fracture zones in real time helped in optimizing the completion plan while drilling. Based on this well's results, it is established that replicating the same practice could positively affect the overall Field Development potential. The same technique is planned for the future development of undeveloped reservoirs in this field.

A sedimentological study of an Offshore, mid-Jurassic reservoir was carried out in order to understand reservoir quality and reservoir architecture. In-house core description, and analysis of open-hole petrophysical log interpretation and conventional core analysis, enabled the authors to interpret the depositional environment and produce hand drawn facies maps to understand the facies architecture; by developing facies scheme, depending of depositional environment comingled with diagenetic process. About 2,285 ft of core and 1,799 thinsections were described from 18 wells, distributed throughout the field. Description of core was done at 1:50 scale and about 495 thinsections were pictured throughout the reservoir section. Detailed description of textural and faunal content, along with sedimentary features was carried out to determine the depositional model and facies architecture. By analyzing the diagenetic features and porosity type, Reservoir Quality controls were derived. All these elements were taken into consideration in order to build facies scheme that not only justifies the depositional environment but also incorporates the impact of diagenesis. A low relief, very active shoal system on a giant carbonate platform was interpreted. Various Lithofacies were grouped into 5 Facies associations keeping in mind depositional environment and diagenetic impact. This model was used to make 4 hand drawn facies maps representing reservoir X and High permeable layer, X7 with general tendency of better facies in the northern part of the field. The novelty of this work is the differential degree of cementation due to the abundance of echinoderms degrading the reservoir quality, and identifying these dominant echinoderm facies zones allows us better well placement by avoiding them.