No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

SummaryNuclear technology with its ever increasing use in power industry and radioisotope production is afflicted by the troubles of nuclear waste management of highly contagious and hazardous spent nuclear fuel. Alongside conventional fuel handling, researchers and waste handlers are exploring advanced options as well. One of the plausible options is transmutation-induced conversion of long-living radionuclides into short-living or stable ones to reduce radioactivity levels in the waste before its final disposal. In this study, two different methods of photonuclear transmutation, the conventional Bremsstrahlung process and the laser-Compton scattering (LCS), are compared for their transmutation rates in the light of power consumption, heating of target material, and impacts of future advancements in technologies being used. The findings suggest that the conventional Bremsstrahlung process has higher transmutation reaction rates (of 2-3 orders of magnitude) than the LCS-based transmutation. Whereas, given credit to the advancements in laser technology or utilizing the multiple laser extraction concept, the LCS-based transmutation rates will surpass the existing transmutation rates by 4 to 5 orders of magnitude. The increase in the Bremsstrahlung-based transmutation reaction rates is constrained by very high power consumptions in electron beam source. The added benefit of LCS-based transmutation lies in the reduced heating of transmuted material by elimination of unwanted reactions.

Aiming to address the shortage of experimental resources, the high cost of large-scale deployment of hardware experimental environment and the difficulty for students to get started in the software-defined network (SDN) course, this article proposes an SDN experimental teaching scheme based on the virtualised environment, and gives a specific experimental scheme design. The scheme utilises virtualisation technology to build a SDN experimental environment quickly, uses a lightweight network simulation platform – that goes by the name of Mininet – to build the SDN network and uses open-source controller Floodlight for centralised control of the SDN network. The scheme is mainly divided into three phases: basic, improvement and synthesis. In the basic phase, experimental projects mainly include the study of SDN basic concepts and the use of relevant tools; in the improvement phase, experimental projects mainly include the use of SDN flow table, group table, etc; in the synthetic phase, we design two innovative experimental projects that use computational intelligence technology to achieve efficient load balancing and accurate malicious attack detection. The difficulty of each phase is increasing. The constantly evolving levels of difficulty allow the individual needs of students with different levels to be met, thereby improving the effect of SDN experimental teaching and cultivating innovative SDN talents.