Background: Preterm labor is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for preterm infants; they will be at risk for developing numerous medical problems. Aim and objectives: to evaluate the incidence, possible risk factors and maternal & neonatal morbidity & mortality in cases of preterm labour. Subjects and methods: The study had been conducted at the obstetrics and gynecology department, Minia University Hospital during the period from November, 2021 to April, 2022. Result: Successful tocolysis was reported in 149 cases (37.3%). More than half women (52.8%) were delivered by C.S while vaginal delivery was done in 47.3% women. However, less than third of neonates (31.1%) needed incubation. The neonatal mortality rate was 1.2%. Conclusion: It is necessary to make better clinical decisions with accurate assessment of risk factors, complications, and realistic predictions related to PTB and ETB, which should ultimately provide a way forward for precision health and to help reduce the burden and the consequences associated with PTB and ETB.

Background: Due to the physiological and anatomical changes that occur during pregnancy and the rapid global spread of COVID-19, pregnant women and their foetuses are a high-risk population during infectious disease epidemics. The aim is to investigate the idea that COVID-19 infection raises the risk of perinatal hypertensive disorders. Methods: This combined retrospective and prospective cohort study was conducted at maternity Hospital, Minia University and isolation Hospitals which have a universal COVID-19 testing policy and admission to labor and delivery. Result: we enrolled 373 pregnant women after consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria; 115 cases were enrolled in group of positive COVID-19 infection and 230 cases included in group of non COVID-19 infection. 36 cases at group of positive COVID-19 had preeclampsia with incidence 31.3%, while 42 cases of non COVID-19 group had PE with incidence 18.3%. This study revealed that high incidence of ICU admission; incidence at group of PE with COVID-19 was 72.2% while at PE without COVID-19 was 45.2%, so median duration of ICU admission in PE WITH COVID-19 infection was 8 with IQR (5.8-9) and the median at group of PE without COVID-19 was 5 with IQR (3-7). This study showed that adverse perinatal outcome; maternal and fetal complications with high incidence of maternal mortality 41.6% at group of PE with COVID-19 infection, and 42.8% at group of PE without COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: Development of preeclampsia in COVID-19 patients worsen maternal and fetal outcome. It increases the need for oxygen therapy, increasing need for antihypertensive treatment and invasive ventilation support.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) has been used to suppress gonadotropins in several conditions including endometriosis, uterine fibroids, central gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty, where gonadotropin suppression does not occur immediately, but there is a transient increase "flare" in sex hormone levels, followed by a lasting suppression of hormone synthesis and secretion. When using GnRH analogues to trigger ovulation, the mean concentration of LH as measured by radioimmunoassay may be actually raised although there is reduced pulsatile secretion and so the bioactive LH is markedly reduced, where the GnRH-a induced surge consists of two phases; a short ascending one (4h) and a long descending one (20 h), with subsequent induction of an FSH surge comparable with the surge of the natural cycle.