Aluminium alloys are widely used on aircraft structures especially on the fuselage and wing fairings. During the joining of these structures, the traditional technique riveting is used. But riveting increases the structural weight of the aircraft and rivet holes form stress concentration for the fatigue cracks. An alternative joining technique is welding. In traditional welding techniques metal is heated till the melting point for this reason the mechanical behavior of the material deteriorates. And also the weldability of high strength materials is low. In recent years Friction Stir Welding (FSW) has been used as an alternative joining technique. In this study T6 heat treatment is applied to Aluminium 6013 sheet and this sheet joined by using FSW technique. Tensile specimens were machined from the welded plate in the dimension of A0 = 12.5 mm, l0 = 200 mm and tensile tests were performed. Vickers microhardness values were taken at 1 mm increments from base metal to base metal across the weld, on the weld cross-sections. The intermetallic particles and the grain structure of the welded sheet were examined via optical and scanning electron microscopy.

Purpose This study aims to present atmospheric emissions (NOx, CO and HC) of commercial flights at Dalaman Airport for the years between 2016 and 2018. Design/methodology/approach Growing up, the potential for domestic and international airports will cause an increase in air transportation. Increasing demand for air transportation will cause adverse environmental impacts as well as positive economic contributions. Finding negative environmental effects and searching for solutions is an essential first step. Findings Emissions were calculated under three different groups (as daily, number of flights and per passenger). The maximum CO emission calculated was 1031.71 kg/day in August 2018, 41.55 g/pax. in October 2016 and 6909.27 g/flight in August 2018. The maximum HC emission calculated was 117.22 kg/day in August 2018, 4.78 g/pax. in May 2018 and 796.47 g/flight in May 2018. The maximum NOx emission calculated was 148.63 kg/day in August 2018, 6.04 g/pax. in October 2017 and 995.34 g/flight in August 2018. Practical implications The current study intends to show how can emission results differ under three different units. Originality/value The originality is the using of the real-time values for all calculations. The value of this study is to be key study for future applications of emission calculation methodologies.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to monitor the backup indicators in case of indicator failure and to minimize the situations when the pilot may be unable to monitor the indicator effectively in emergency situations. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the pointer positions of different indicators were determined with a deep learning-based algorithm. Within the scope of the study, the pointer on the analog indicators obtained from aircraft cockpits was detected with the YOLOv4 object detector. Then, segmentation was made with the GrabCut algorithm to detect the pointer in the detected region more precisely. Finally, a line including the segmented pointer was found using the least-squares method, and the exact direction of the pointer was determined and the angle value of the pointer was obtained by using the inverse tangent function. In addition, to detect the pointer of the YOLOv4 object detection method and to test the designed method, a data set consisting of videos taken from aircraft cockpits was created and labeled. Findings The analog indicator pointers were detected with great accuracy by the YOLOv4 and YOLOv4-Tiny detectors. The experimental results show that the proposed method estimated the angle of the pointer with a high degree of accuracy. The developed method can reduce the workloads of both pilots and flight engineers. Similarly, the performance of pilots can be evaluated with this method. Originality/value The authors propose a novel real-time method which consists of detection, segmentation and line regression modules for mapping the angle of the pointers on analog indicators. A data set that includes analog indicators taken from aircraft cockpits was collected and labeled to train and test the proposed method.

Purpose This paper aims to measure the thermal comfort conditions and indoor air quality parameters, through on-site measurements taken in the areas mostly occupied by the passengers and airport staff. Terminal buildings consist of areas with various functions. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning requirements vary from area to area, thus leading to challenges in the management of indoor environment quality. Therefore, the study focuses on investigating the indoor environment conditions in various areas of the terminal buildings. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the thermal comfort and indoor air quality were evaluated based on the parameters [CO2 concentration, relative humidity, temperature, predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD)] collected for summer 2019 from different zones inside the International Dalaman Airport terminal building located in the southwest of Turkey. The measurements were performed in the areas mostly occupied by the airport staff and passengers (check-in area, security control areas, international departure lounge, domestic departure lounge and baggage claim hall). Findings As a result of the study, it was observed that the CO2 concentration was 480–965 ppm, the relative humidity was 51.9–75.8% and the temperature was in the range of 23.9°C–28.3°C inside the airport terminal. The PMV values were determined to be in the range of −0.23 to 0.67, and the PPD values 5–15%, which are used to measure the thermal comfort conditions. Originality/value There has been limited study on the determination of the indoor air quality in airport terminals and the investigation of the thermal comfort conditions. However, in this study, indoor air quality and thermal comfort conditions were determined by on-site measurements in the five mostly occupied areas by passengers and employees in the terminal building.