The practice of social distancing and wearing masks has been popular worldwide in combating the contraction of COVID-19. Undeniably, although such practices help control the COVID-19 pandemic to a greater extent, the complete control of virus-laden droplet and aerosol transmission by such practices is poorly understood. This review paper intends to outline the literature concerning the transmission of virus-laden droplets and aerosols in different environmental settings and demonstrates the behavior of droplets and aerosols resulted from a coughjet of an infected person in various confined spaces. The case studies that have come out in different countries have, with prima facie evidence, manifested that the airborne transmission plays a profound role in contracting susceptible hosts. The infection propensities in confined spaces (airplane, passenger car, and healthcare center) by the transmission of droplets and aerosols under varying ventilation conditions were discussed. Interestingly, the nosocomial transmission by airborne SARS-CoV-2 virus-laden aerosols in healthcare facilities may be plausible. Hence, clearly defined, science-based administrative, clinical, and physical measures are of paramount importance to eradicate the COVID-19 pandemic from the world.

The intension of this study is to conclude whether coach leadership behavior serves as a mediator amongst factors affecting said leader behavior and team success in sports. The sample for this was obtained from one hundred and sixty (n=160) athletes who participated in inter university games with special reference to Western Province Sri Lankan. Only team sports are considered and players from individual events are not considered under the current study. Coach leadership behavior was assessed through Revised Leadership Scale for Sports questionnaire (RLSS) and adopted questionnaires were utilized to measure the factors affecting it and the team success. General Linear model and Multiple Linear Regression were the methods used to analyze data. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were measured through Correlation matrixes and Cronbach's alpha respectively. The results from the study confirm that coach leadership behavior acts as a mediator of the relationship between and factors affecting coach leadership style and team success signifying that factors affecting coach leader behavior may enhance coach behavior in the task of successful performance. Mediating effect was first tested through calculating path coefficients and further conducted the Sobel's test to validate the previous results.

The imposition and lifting of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to avert the COVID-19 pandemic have gained popularity worldwide and will continue to be enforced until herd immunity is achieved. We developed a linear regression model to ascertain the nexus between the time-varying reproduction number averaged over a time window of six days (R ts ) and seven NPIs: contact tracing, quarantine efforts, social distancing and health checks, hand hygiene, wearing of facemasks, lockdown and isolation, and health-related supports. Our analysis suggests that the second wave that emerged in Sri Lanka in early October 2020 continued despite numerous NPIs. The model indicates that the most effective single NPI was lockdown and isolation. Conversely, the least effective individual NPIs were hand hygiene and wearing of facemasks. The model also demonstrates that to mitigate the second wave to a satisfactory level (R ts <1), the best single NPI was the contact tracing with stringent imposition (% of improvement of R ts was 69.43 against the base case). By contrast, the best combination of two NPIs was the lockdown & isolation with health-related supports (% of improvement was 31.92 against the base case). As such, many health authorities worldwide can use this model to successfully strategize the imposition and lifting of NPIs for averting the COVID-19 pandemic.

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The main intention of the study is to identify the differences between facilities available for players at International Cricket Stadiums in Sri Lanka and Australia. To successfully explore the differences, the study was conducted using a qualitative research approach. Data were gathered primarily through interviews and observations. Photo-elicitation was the data analysis technique used and two sites: Optus Stadium in Western Australia and R. Premadasa Cricket Stadium in Sri Lanka were focused under this study. Accordingly, the study identifies facilities available for players at R. Premadasa Cricket Stadium, Sri Lanka and Optus Stadium, Western Australia separately. In total, seven managerial level interviewees took part in the study. Four interviewees came from Western Australia and three interviewees from Sri Lanka. These participants were directly linked with the two research sites and perception of these managerial level individuals was considered under the current study. The findings of the study confirm that there is a difference between R. Premadasa Cricket Stadium and Optus Stadium, in terms of facilities available for players. This reflects a gap between facilities available for players at International Cricket Stadiums in Sri Lanka and Australia.