Adaptive e-learning is viewed as stimulation to support learning and improve student engagement, so designing appropriate adaptive e-learning environments contributes to personalizing instruction to reinforce learning outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to design an adaptive e-learning environment based on students' learning styles and study the impact of the adaptive e-learning environment on students’ engagement. This research attempts as well to outline and compare the proposed adaptive e-learning environment with a conventional e-learning approach. The paper is based on mixed research methods that were used to study the impact as follows: Development method is used in designing the adaptive e-learning environment, a quasi-experimental research design for conducting the research experiment. The student engagement scale is used to measure the following affective and behavioral factors of engagement (skills, participation/interaction, performance, emotional). The results revealed that the experimental group is statistically significantly higher than those in the control group. These experimental results imply the potential of an adaptive e-learning environment to engage students towards learning. Several practical recommendations forward from this paper: how to design a base for adaptive e-learning based on the learning styles and their implementation; how to increase the impact of adaptive e-learning in education; how to raise cost efficiency of education. The proposed adaptive e-learning approach and the results can help e-learning institutes in designing and developing more customized and adaptive e-learning environments to reinforce student engagement.

Abstract-E-Learning and distance education have become common choices for academic institutions. Based on advances in information technology systems, educational institutions have enabled the employment of e-learning systems as teaching courses and evaluation students. However, security issues related to e-learning systems have been raised by e-learning environment stakeholders which including faculty members, and students as well as data. In addition, e-learning opponents argue that incapability of e-learning environment to authenticate examination takers is one of the major challenges. E-assessment is an important element of LMS based e-courses, and student authentication is mostly realized as one of the major concerns for e-assessments. For this reason, the main challenge facing the security of e-assessment and the e-learning environment is how to authenticate students because unauthorized persons can access and manage information. In this work, we propose a novel security scheme that contributes in resolving this vital issue by introducing an efficient secure model for supervising online evaluation including e-assessment or e-exam. The scheme addresses this imperative problem by proposing a novel approach that integrates available databases authentication technologies in conjunction with elearning environments for controlling unethical behavior during e-assessment process. Moreover, the proposed scheme considers the continuous random authentication using students' information stored previously in the databases that guarantee identity and authentication. To validate our proposal, and evaluate its performances and effectiveness, an extensive simulation work is conducted over e-learning platform similar to Desire to learn (D2L).Keywords-e-learning platform; e-learning security; presence and identity authentication; e-assessment and e-exam. 62

This research aims to investigate faculty members' attitudes towards using learning management system "Desire2Learn" (D2L) at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU) in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In addition, it examines the impact of some personal and organizational variables on the faculty members' attitudes. The paper aims as well to identify the principal obstacles that limit their use of eLearning platform (Desire2Learn). To achieve these aims, a descriptive analysis methodology was used in this research, and the research sample consists of 160 participants that were selected randomly from various faculties at the university. The sample participants are asked to complete a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire to gather the required data. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were guaranteed. The research results revealed positive attitudes of the faculty members at UQU towards eLearning platform (D2L), although it has not activated enough yet. Results also indicated there are differences of statistical significance level (0.05) in the attitudes of faculty members towards using LMS "D2L" due to the colleges classification, whether they are humanities, scientific or medical colleges. However, there are significant statistically differences in faculty members' attitudes with respect to using D2L which are found in favor of males than females and the scientific colleges whose faculty members are more desire to use the learning management system than those in the humanities colleges. The results revealed that the most important obstacles are the administrative and academic obstacles which is ranked first, followed by the physical obstacles and the personal obstacles exist at the final. The research findings help stakeholders and decision makers at higher education to take into account the implication of designing more e-courses to fulfill the needs of faculty member and activate the LMS usage to increase the efficiency of eLearning. The contribution of this research is clarified to direct faculty members' practice in various learning activities environment that lead to a successful implementation of eLearning platform and afford the stakeholders better understanding to promote positive attitudes and effective use toward LMS.

This paper provides an initial attempt to study and investigate the interactive relationship between vocational and technical education instructors and using information and communications technology (ICT) and its impact of the professionalism of their work. The paper compares the ICTs usage in vocational and technical instructors in Sudan and Egypt as important countries in Africa. This paper explores two contexts ''environments'' that initially appeared a little bit different. It presents results of a survey administered to several instructors in Sudan (95) and in Egypt (120) which show that, excepting a few tasks, vocational instructors in both countries. Instructors from both countries responded similarly about (a) where they learned about ICT (for example, computers and Internet) and (b) the usefulness of ICT for technical and vocational centers in both countries. They also indicated feeling minimal concern when using technology. Furthermore, differences were in evidence in both countries where desire to use technology was concerned. Overall, Sudanese instructors showed a greater features and range in their choices when given the option to traditional teaching methods preferable than technology use to complete various tasks, whereas Egyptian clarified more attitudes toward technology compared to other context.