Media technology presented in handheld devices, like mobile smartphones and tablets, enables the integration of immersive reality (Genlott et al., 2019). Kugler (2017) predicted that this will be at the forefront of mobile language learning.Taking a media studies approach, this thesis addresses the question of how mobile apps facilitate the engagement of independent language learners. Classical studies have restricted communication in learning traditionally in direct interaction between the knowledge provider and the learner in a fixed physical location. By introducing media technology to this setting, learning as a process of communication may adapt and change. New media products have emerged in the edutainment, e-learning and interactive learning markets (Okan, 2003). In other
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