Introduction:Contrary to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), fifth edition, some studies indicate that ADHD-inattentive presentation (ADHD-I) is a distinct diagnostic disorder and not an ADHD presentation.Methods:In this study, 12 ADHD-combined presentation (ADHD-C), 10 ADHD-I, and 13 controls were enrolled and their resting state EEG recorded. Following this, a graph theoretical analysis was performed and functional integration and segregation of brain network was calculated.Results:The results show that clustering coefficient of theta band was significantly different among three groups and significant differences were observed in theta global efficiency between controls and ADHD-C. Regarding the alpha band, a lower clustering coefficient was observed in control subjects. In the beta band, clustering coefficient was significantly different between the control and children with ADHD-C and also between ADHD-I and ADHD-C. The clustering coefficient, in the subjects with ADHD-C, demonstrated a rapid decline and was significantly lower than the subjects with ADHD-I and control.Conclusion:Decreased clustering, in high thresholds, may be associated with hyperactivity while increased segregation in low thresholds with inattentiveness. A different functional network occurs in the ADHD-C brain that is consistent with several studies that have reported ADHD-I as a distinct disorder.

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Establishment of an interpersonal-violence registry system (IPVRS) is a promising initiative to tackle violence. This qualitative study aimed to fill the gap in knowledge regarding the feasibility of establishing the IPVRS in the East-Azerbaijan province of Iran. This qualitative study using content analysis was conducted to explore the importance, challenges, and facilitating factors of establishing the IPVRS from the viewpoints of stakeholders. Forty-six individuals from the Forensic Medical Organization, the University, the Welfare Organization, the Training and Education Organization, hospitals, and primary health centers participated in the study. Six themes and 13 sub-themes were identified. The importance of the establishment of the IPVRS was sub-categorized into two main themes, including violence as a public health priority and severe consequences of violence including intensive health and social outcomes and high use of medical services. The most critical challenges of establishing the IPVRS were categorized into two main themes including victims’ under-reporting due to financial difficulties as well as psychosocial barriers and structural barriers such as organizational barriers and methodological challenges. Inter-sectoral partnership was identified as the main facilitating factor in the successful establishment of the IPVRS. The participants recommended improving the development of the IPVRS by stepwise development of the program, resource absorption from other beneficiary organizations, and making more coverage in the registry system. In conclusion, the establishment of the IPVRS is identified as an effective strategy to tackle violence-related issues. Close collaboration with different governmental and non-governmental sectors and the gradual development of the registry system can pave the way for establishing the IPVRS. This study has several implications for identifying potential challenges and facilitators of the IPVRS applicable to other developing countries with similar contexts.

Background: Families face many challenges in caring for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) throughout their lives. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the needs of families of children with ASD from specialists and parents' perspectives. Methods: Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with ASD specialists (n = 19) and parents of children with ASD (n = 23). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative analysis was conducted using a content analysis approach. Results: The needs of families were divided into nine themes and 11 sub-themes from the perspective of experts and four themes and 17 sub-themes from the point of view of parents. Major themes identified from the perspective of ASD specialists as the main needs of families included knowledge, skills, attitude, social needs, financial needs, educational needs, mental health services, ability to handle other family issues, and ability to deal with the specific child's problems. Also, information, service, support, and financial needs were the four main categories of needs expressed by the parents. Conclusions: In general, understanding the needs of families is among the experts and the families somewhat similar but differs from each other in many ways. Achieving a shared understanding of family needs among professionals, parents, and policymakers can better address those needs.

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