The present study is regarding, Glimepiride is one derivatives of sulfonyl urea used in the treatment of Type II DM which classified as class-II (BCS) of high permeability and low degree of solubility. The endeavor is to improve its solubility by solvent vaporization method to enhance the rate of dissolution of glimepiride. Soluplus (Polyvinyl caprolactampolyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft co-polymer), PVP k40 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone) and PEG k5 are blended with the drug in various proportions (1:1,1:3) and prepared Soluplus1, Soluplus2, PEG1, PEG2, PVP1 and PVP2 as solid dispersion. The optimized formula of solid dispersion PVP1 is added to sodium starch glycolate and cross-carmellose. The disintegration profile will appear diminished in the drug release from the dosage form at a determined period of time. Differential scanning calorimetry appeared to a reduction in its crystallinity in solid dispersions. Scanning electron microscope and particle size analysis show a reduction in the drug particle size as solid dispersions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy does not show an interaction between them. Hence, that PVP1 batch will be considered from nine oral dissolving tablets dosage form. Finally, orally disintegrating tablets are estimated for various parameters; for instance, disintegration time, the content of the drug, wetting time, and in vitro release profile show a conventional result. The selected formula F6 shows a good result in disintegration time during 13-second and in-vitro drug release profile achieves 96% at the end of 40 minutes.

Objectives Owing to inefficiency of chemotherapy towards cancer treatment, formulation and application of herbal drug compounds will open new avenues with this regard. In this study, the anticancer effects of itexin, cinobufacini, and Physalis alkekengi (P. alkekengi) were assessed. Methods Herein, synergistic effects of vitexin, cinobufacini, and P. alkekengi hydroalcoholic extract were assessed against estrogen-receptor (EGFR2)-positive breast cancer mouse model. Sixty ER + breast cancer BALB/c mice (six groups each including ten members) were included. The anticancer effects of P. alkekengi hydroalcoholic extract, vitexin, and cinobufacini were administered against EGFR2 cancerous cells for 14 days. The tumor size, cytotoxic effects, and expression of Beclin-1, LC3-II, and ATG5 autophagy-related genes were investigated using RT-qPCR technique. The data was analyzed using chi-square, ANOVA, and multinomial logistic regression tests. Key Findings The 50% lethal dose (LD50) of P. alkekengi and vitexin against the breast cancer cells included 12 mg/kg, respectively, while cinobufacini LD50 was 24 mg/kg but had no toxicity against CRL7242 breast normal cells. Furthermore, 24 mg/kg of the P. alkekengi, vitexin, and cinobufacini significantly increased the ATG5, Beclin-1, and LC3-II gene expression. Conclusion Considering anticancer effects of P. alkekengi, vitexin, and cinobufacini against breast cancer through induction of the autophagy pathway, the compound formulations can be applied as anticancer therapies.

Objective: This study aims to examine the association between the (rs1544410) polymorphism of the VDR gene with the pathogenesis of T2DM in Iraqi obese women. Methods: A case-control study was performed on 50 patients with T2DM and 50 apparently healthy subjects who were admitted to Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital and Al-Hassan Center of Diabetes and Endocrinology unit / Kerbala health directorate – Iraq during (April 2022 – March 2023). The T2DM groups were divided into two groups, 25 obese and 25 non-obese; the control group was divided into 25 obese and 25 non-obese as apparently healthy groups. The ELISA Kit was used to measure serum 25(OH)D3, heat shock protein-70, VDBP, insulin and C-peptide. Also HbA1c% and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were evaluated. The vitamin D3 receptor gene (VDR) variant and the SNP (rs1544410) polymorphism was determined using allele specific polymerase chain reaction, 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis and then visualized by gel photo-documentation system. Results: The result of vitamin D3 variants genotype (rs 1544410) was a clear band with a molecular size of 200 bps. The size of the amplicon was determined by compare with DNA ladder 100 - 1500 bp. The result of the comparison between observed and anticipated values for SNIP with (rs 1544410) in the tested population was statistically significant, P= < 0.001 and the difference between demographic characteristics and (rs 1544410) SNP, age and BMI shows non-significant difference among all groups. The difference between biomarkers and (rs1544410) SNP was performed using one-way ANOVA test to compare the mean levels of HSP-70, VDBP, C-peptide,  RBC and HbA1c% which shown a non-significant difference among the variants of VDBP Genotype (rs1544410) in  obese women (patients and control) studied groups, p value > 0.05.   Conclusion: The logistic analysis of the (rs1544410) SNP of the patients concluded that HSP-70, VDBP, and C-peptide  level was no significantly related to the also C-peptide, was shown to be a related risk factor to both CT and CT alleles (1.003, p > 0.05) in comparison with CC alleles. Furthermore, HbA1c% level was demonstrated to be related as a risk factor for the CG allele in comparison with CC and GG alleles (1.009, p < 0.05).

Pharmacovigilance aims to preserve general health by identifying, evaluating, and minimizing health issues to ensure that the benefits of accessible treatments outweigh the potential risks. However, the retraction (withdrawal) of specific medications from global markets has increasingly focused on pharmacovigilance approaches, raised concerns about improvements to the current pharmacovigilance system, and highlighted the need to ensure uniformity among international guidelines governing the detailing of side effects ("Adverse Drug Reactions" - A.D.R.s). Concerns with the nature and safety of drugs as noted by medication guidelines. A sound medication policy is required to ensure the safety, viability, and nature of pharmaceuticals as well as the accuracy and applicability of the medication information made available to the general public. Medication guidelines cover a wide range of functions, including authorizing, reviewing manufacturing facilities and distribution channels, item evaluation and enrollment, observing adverse drug reactions (ADR), controlling medication advancement and publicizing, and controlling clinical medication preliminary studies.

Metastatic breast cancer patients may acquire oral morbidity from therapeutic procedures. A common adverse event (AE) of the Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor is associated stomatitis (mIAS) secondary to mTOR inhibitor therapy, which have a negative impact on the quality of life, therapy adherence and health care expenses. A multidisciplinary team strategy is essential for reducing mIAS and capitalize on therapy advantages for breast cancer patients. We discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and natural history of mIAS in this review. In the context of promoting a coordinated team care approach to optimizing patient care, current and new management policies are outlined for the prevention and treatment of mIAS. Types of Studies Reviewed: We piloted different research from 2007 through 2019 using the terms “stomatitis,” “mIAS,” “mTOR,” “everolimus,” “oral care.” and “metastatic breast cancer,” We have chosen papers from peer-reviewed journals reporting controlled trials and evidence-based guidance. Results: Cytototoxic chemical or radiation therapy causes, clinical presentation, and paradigms of therapy can distinguish mIAS from mucositis. The continuum of patient oral health care may include specific preventive and therapeutic leadership approaches. Practical consequences: Oral health providers are at the forefront of oral health care for patients who have metastatic breast cancer and are uniquely positioned to deliver patient education, to advocate precise reporting of mIAS, and to encourage early identification, monitoring and rapid intervention to reduce the serious and time-limiting dose of this manageable AE.