Background: Tension and migraine headaches are the most prevalent types of headaches. Some emotional and psychological factors are associated with these headaches. Objectives: To elucidate the nature of individual differences in emotion regulation and repetitive negative thinking among patients with tension headaches and migraine and compare it with normal subjects. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional, comparative study, the participants consisted of patients with tension headaches and migraine referring to the two neurology clinics in Isfahan City, Iran from 2019 to 2020. A diverse sample of patients (n =240) completed the difficulties in emotional regulation scale and perseverative thinking questionnaire. The Chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact test, GLM (generalized linear model), Tukey post hoc test, and LSD (least significant difference) test were used to analyze the obtained data in SPSS V. 21. Results: The results indicated that patients with a high level of repetitive negative thinking reported increased difficulties in emotional regulation and impulse control, limited access to emotion regulation strategies, and lack of emotional clarity (P<0.05). Moreover, the tension headaches group showed a higher level of difficulties in emotional regulation and repetitive negative thinking than the migraine and control groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: Weak emotional regulation and repetitive negative thinking are associated with migraine and, especially tension headaches. Therefore, therapeutic plans based on emotion regulation and thinking problems should be considered as a complementary and necessary treatment for these types of headaches.

Background: Professional identity is a part of human identity and career has a beneficial impact on psychological health. The importance of personality in job achievement has also been increasingly concerned in economics. Objective: To compare the Big Five personality factors between employed and unemployed persons. Materials and Methods: This study was an applied cross sectional analytic descriptive research of a comparative type which was conducted from January 2012 to March 2012. The sample size was thirty in each group of employed and unemployed subjects, chosen randomly from male population of a city in the North of Iran with purposive sampling method. Age and education level of subjects were controlled according to labor market conditions. For collecting data, the NEO inventory was used; five factors of personality can be assessed by which. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 19 through descriptive and inferential statistics using independent t-test. Results: A total of thirty employed and 30 unemployed men in the age range of 20-50 years participated in the study. The neuroticism score was higher in unemployed persons (p = 0.001). The openness score resulted in no significant difference between employed and unemployed people (p = 0.96). The scores of extroversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness were significantly higher among employed people rather the unemployed ones (p = 0.01, 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Personality traits except openness have significant relationship with employment, neuroticism may have a negative relationship, and the other personality traits maybe in the positive relationships with employment.