This study was carried out to examine the relationship between university students' levels of psychological well-being and smartphone addiction. The study group consists of a total of 408 students (303 female and 105 male) selected by random sampling method and studying at the departments of Primary Education, Science Teaching, Art and Crafts Teaching, French Teaching, and Guidance and Psychological Counseling at the Faculty of Education, Ondokuz Mayis University in the 2015-2016 academic year. In this research, the Psychological Well-Being Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and Personal Information Form were used to collect data.The independent-samples t-test, arithmetic mean, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffé 's post hoc test were employed for the analysis and interpretation of data. The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient was used for the relationship between the level of psychological well-being and the use of smartphones, and accordingly the results were evaluated.The relationship between university students' levels of psychological well-being and smartphone addiction seems to be significant based on this research. Factors affecting university students' levels of psychological well-being and smartphone addiction include gender, grade, parental attitudes, economic status of the family, and level of perception.

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Objectives:The aim of this study is to develop the scale of Self-perception of Pregnants, and to determine validity and reliability of that scale. Methods:The sample of present study consists of 326 volunteer pregnants who applied for their routine controls at Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Medicine. The Cronbach alpha value is found by analyzing inner consistency to determine the reliability of the scale. In addition, explanatory factor analysis is used for the construct validity of the scale.Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the structure of scale is involved in 12 items and two components. The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient calculated for the first factor was found to be 0.86; and the Cronbach Alpha was 0.75 for the second factor. A total of 12 items are identified by factor analysis in which the 33.28% of the total variance is explained with factor 1, and the 53.83% of the total variance is explained with factor 2. It is indicated that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient of the scale is 0.86, and the factor loads are between 0.38 and 0.95. The Chi-square value is found to be significant in factor analysis (χ 2 =128.117; sd=50, p=0.00). According to confirmatory factor analysis' results, GFI (.92), NFI (.94), RMSEA (.078), CFI (.96), AGFI (.88) as goodness fit indices were calculated and the findings indicated the model was fit to observed structure. Conclusion:The findings of reliability studies, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis studies revealed that the scale was reliable and valid data collection tool to identify the pregnants' self-perception level. ÖZETAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Gebelerin Kendilerini Algılama Ölçeği'nin geliştirilmesi, geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini rutin gebelik kontrolü için Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi'ne başvuran 326 gebe kadın oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada iç tutarlık katsayısı hesaplanmış, ölçeğin faktör yapısının belirlemesinde açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği için yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi ile ölçeğin iki faktörlü bir yapı sergilendiğine ve toplam 12 maddeden oluştuğuna karar verilmiştir. Birinci faktörün Cronbach Alfa değeri .86, ikinci faktörün Cronbach Alfa değeri .75 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin birinci faktörle toplam varyansın %33.28'ini, ikinci faktörle %53.83'ünü açıklamaktadır. Ölçeğin faktör yüklerinin 0.38 ile 0.95 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Doğrulayı faktör analizinde elde edilen Ki kare değerinin (χ 2 =128.117; sd=50, p=0.00) anlamlı olduğu görüldü. Uyum İndeksi Değerleri ise RMSEA=0.078, GFI=0.92, CFI=0.96, NFI=0.940, IFI==.963, RFI= =0.921, AGFI=0.888 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Sonuçlar geliştirilen GKAÖ'nün gebelerin kendilerini algılama düzeylerini belirlemede uygun geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu gösterdi.

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