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a b s t r a c tThis paper presents the technical usability of marine dredged material (DM) as a manufactured topsoil (MT) in the municipality's landscaping works. In the first part of this study, the physicochemical and toxicological properties and leaching potentials of DMs taken from two sampling points (Istanbul Ambarlı Port and Mersin Erdemli Fishery Harbor) from Marmara and Mediterranean Sea of Turkey were determined and compared pursuant to the National Legislation. In the second part, various improvement studies such as screening, desalination (washing), dewatering, organic amelioration via peat and sheep manure and pH adjustment were carried out on DM samples in order to transform DMs into an alternative natural soil in compliance with the British Standard BS 3882:2015. A total of five different MT mixtures were prepared; then, soil quality and soil nutrient characteristics were examined. Finally, grass seeds were planted into topsoil mixtures, and plant growth performances were followed for 3 months. The results of this study showed that improved DMs can be beneficially used as an alternative MT in order to cultivate grass in municipality's landscaping applications.

This study was performed to propose a suitable treatment for waste foundry sand (WFS) before persistent disposal. It was observed that solidification/stabilization (S/S), which is the common pre-treatment method because of its comparatively easy and inexpensive applicability, can treat WFS including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) above hazardous landfilling limits. Regular sand was partially replaced with WFS with a ratio of 0-90 wt% in order to prepare three different kinds of mortar samples, where Portland limestone cement (PLC) alone, calcium lime (CL) alone, and PLC together with CL were contained as binders. Leaching behaviors of all S/S products were analyzed according to the TS EN 12457-4 leaching test. The treatment efficiency was assessed to reduce the DOC content to the levels under the European landfill acceptance criteria. Furthermore, heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Cr), fluoride (F À ), total dissolved solids leachability, and total organic carbon content were analyzed in order to investigate the pre-treatment ability and to determine whether S/S products can be disposed of in a landfill site with municipal wastes or in a separate landfill site. The results showed that S/S of WFS is an efficient pre-treatment technique before its disposal in a landfill and provides economical advantages compared to hazardous waste landfilling.