Peripheral nerve lesions could be visualized and quantified in MS in vivo by high-resolution MRN. Lesions are defined by an increase of proton spin density and a decrease of T2 relaxation time, indicating changes in the microstructural organization of the extracellular matrix in peripheral nerve tissue in MS. By showing involvement of the peripheral nervous system in MS, this proof-of-concept study may offer new insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of MS. Ann Neurol 2017;82:676-685.

Concurrent manifestation of two chronic-stage myeloid and lymphoid/plasmacytoid neoplasms in one patient is rare and occurs in ≤1% of patients. There has been no systematic analysis of which combinations are frequent/infrequent and whether two concurrent diseases in one patient are clonally related or represent independent diseases. We therefore characterised a series of cases from our own archive (n = 65) and collected a large number of previously reported cases of patients in whom myeloid and lymphoid/plasmacytoid neoplasms co-occurred (n = 185). The most frequent combination was Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm with concurrent B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, accounting for approximately 50% of double-disease patients. We compared the quantity of unsorted bone marrow cell-derived JAK2^V617F and KIT^D816V alleles with the quantity of the lymphoid/plasmacytoid compartment and analysed a subfraction of cases with fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Although a common aberrant progenitor has been reported in some cases in the literature, we found evidence of two independent chronic-stage myeloid and lymphoid/plasmacytoid neoplasms.

SUMMARY To show that sociology can also provide etiological contributions to epilepsy research, an investigation by the author is described which shows that authoritarian education considerably lessens the chances of control of seizures in epileptic children. The minority position of the epileptic in society, which is marked by prejudice and discrimination, is examined. Based on extensive social‐psychological investigations on minorities and the connected problem of authoritarianism, a campaign against antiepileptic prejudice requires less authoritarian attitudes in the whole society. RÉSUMÉ Pour démontrer que la sociologie peut aussi apporter une contribution étiologique à l'étude de l'épilepsie, l'auteur décrit une investigation qui montre qu'une éducation de type autoritaire diminue considérablement les chances de contrôler les crises épileptiques chez l'enfant. On a pris en considération la position de minorité de l'épileptique dans la société, position marquée par le préjugé et la discrimination. Sur la base d'investigations socio‐psychologiques étendues portant sur les minorités et les problèmes inhérents de l'autoritarisme, une campagne contre le préjugé envers les épileptiques, préconise une attitude plus libérale dans toute la Société.