This study tries to see how the condition borders region between Indonesia and Malaysia, in Ketungau Hulu subdistrict. Analysis is conducted to see how the borders management in Indonesia with two approaches. The first approach is the analysis of State Security used to see how the treatment of the state to maintain state sovereignty from the external threats that dominated by military. The second approach is the analysis of Human Security which is more emphasis on the security of citizens as seen from the fulfillment of basic human needs, both in terms of welfare, education, health, and so forth.
Penelitian ini ingin melihat bagaimana suku Dayak Linoh di Desa Baya mulya mempertahankan ritual adat warisan nenek moyang melalui ritual adat tolak bala sebagai upaya dari masyarakat adat dalam menghadapi pandemi Covid-19. Suku Dayak Linoh yang ada di Desa Baya Mulya meyakini bahwa pandemi Covid-19 terjadi akibat terganggunya hubungan antara manusia dengan roh leluhur, sehingga perlu dilakukan ritual tolak bala, atau menolak terjadinya marabahaya bagi masyarakat setempat. Covid-19 dianggap tidak jauh berbeda Ketika terjadi wabah penyakit, atau gagal panen. Sehingga ritual tolak bala ini diharapkan mampu memperbaiki hubungan antara masyarakat dan roh leluhur. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga ingin melihat bagaimana peran dan keterlibatan Pemerintah Desa Baya Mulya dalam ritual tolak bala, termasuk pelibatan masyarakat adat dalam penanganan dan pencegahan penularan Covid-19 di Desa Baya Mulya.
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena diinkulturasikannya upacara syukur panen padi (Pamole’ Beo’) masyarakat Dayak Tamambaloh dengan perayaan Pentakosta Gereja Katolik, serta telah dijadikan ajang festival budaya. Fenomena ini tentu menunjukkan terdapatnya nilai-nilai luhur pada upacara Pamole’ Beo’. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekplorasi nilai-nilai warisan budaya takbenda pada upacara Pamole’ Beo’ Dayak Tamambaloh. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengamatan secara langsung dan wawancara mendalam dengan pendekatan etnografis. Penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa upacara Pamole’ Beo’ merupakan bagian dari ritus kehidupan berladang Dayak Tamambaloh. Ritus berladang ini dimulai dan diakhir dengan upacara Pamole’ Beo’ sebagai bentuk memanggil beo’ atau pertanda-pertanda yang baik dan mengembalikan atau membuang beo’ yang buruk. Berladang dan upacara Pamole’ Beo’ pada etnis Dayak Tamambaloh memiliki nilai-nilai yang luhur, yakni memperkuat ikatan sosial, menjaga kelestarian lingkungan alam, mentransmisi sistem pengetahun tradisional, mentransmisikan nilai-nilai karakter, nilai-nilai filosofi serta menjaga ketahanan pangan keluarga. Pemerintah Indonesia melalui instansi terkait, sangat penting untuk melakukan pencatatan dan penetapan Pamole’ Beo’ sebagai warisan budaya takbenda pada Etnis Dayak Tamambaloh, terutama karena sifatnya yang dinamis, retan untuk punah. The background of this study is the phenomenon that the rice harvest thanksgiving ceremony (Pamole' Beo') in Dayak Tamambaloh has been inculturated with the Pentecostal celebration of the Catholic Church, and has become a cultural festival. This phenomenon has certainly shown the existence of noble values at the Pamole' Beo' ceremony. Therefore, this study aims to explore the values of intangible cultural heritage at the Pamole' Beo' Dayak Tamambaloh ceremony. The research has been carried out by direct observation and in-depth interviews with an ethographic approach. This study, has shown that the Pamole' Beo' ceremony is part of the rite of life in the Dayak Tamambaloh farm. This farming rite begins and ends with the Pamole' Beo' ceremony as a form of calling Beo' or good omens, and returning or removing bad omens. Farming and the Pamole' Beo' ceremony in the Tamambaloh Dayak ethnic have noble values, namely strengthening social bonds, preserving the natural environment, transmitting traditional knowledge systems, transmitting character values, philosophical values and maintaining family food security. The Indonesian government, through the relevant agencies, is very important to record and stipulate the Pamole 'Beo' as an intangible cultural heritage of the Tamambaloh Dayak Ethnic, mainly due to its dynamic nature, prone to extinction.
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