<em>In the process of drilling and servicing oil wells, KCl and NaCl used to provide hydrostatic pressure into the bowels of the earth. The brine solution was produced accidentally to the surface facility when the oil lifting process was carried out and induces the thickness of the oil-water emulsion in the separation tank. Emulsions must be broken down into oil and water phases so that they do not interact with the oil treatment process in the refinery unit. Emulsion stability was influenced by pH, salinity, temperature and concentration of asphaltene, resin and wax. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of salinity on the oil-water demulsification process. This research was conducted by varying the salinity of 5%, 15%, 25%, and 35% in a 100 ml oil-water emulsion sample with a ratio of 1: 1 oil and water. Demulsification of the emulsion sample using the precipitation method for 120 minutes by recording the% of oil volume separate every 20 minutes, at temperatures of 30 ° C and 110 ° C. The higher the temperature given, the more stable the emulsion in crude oil. From the final result after 120 minutes of pricipitation shows that the emulsion separation process which influenced by NaCl salinity is more difficult than the effect of KCl salinity.</em>

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The National Energy Policy captured the basis for renewable energy development in Indonesia and also specified a national target for the optimal energy mix. For these fundamental reasons, several unprecedented strategies, blueprints, and collaborations are to be explored in the long term. Apparently, one of the key objectives was to exploit natural gas as the primary and eco-friendly energy resource. This profitable gas was projected to significantly contribute a minimum of 22% of total energy toward enhancing economic growth. Approximately, 10 million city gas connections are required by 2025, in order to achieve the set goals. However, a gap exists between the initially planned city gas connections to the distribution network, and the realization during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. This global phenomenon poses a challenge to virtually all economic segments, including energy, as the demand plummeted drastically. Based on Indonesia’s National Energy Policy, the first proposed target was to develop 266,070 gas connections. The project was subsequently adjusted to 127,864. Surprisingly, the realization surpassed the new arrangement by over 6% or was about 135,286. However, the figures obviously comprehended 50.84% of the projects were stalled, contrary to the vision of constructing a minimum of 10 million city gas pipe connections in 2025. This study provided a profound description of the impact of the reduction in abovementioned development on the expected outcome, using the multivariable regression method. The results revealed 96.92% of data from the applied variables were able to describe the developed linear model.

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ABSTRAKDengan adanya permasalahan-permasalahan yang ada dalam sistem kontrak PSC Cost Recovery, pemerintah merancang skema baru yaitu PSC Gross Split. Skema ini dirancang dalam rangka peningkatan efisiensi dan efektivitas pola bagi hasil produksi minyak dan gas bumi. Dimana dengan menerapkannya skema ini diharapkan kontraktor dapat melakukan investasinya di Indonesia secara lebih efisien, dan skema ini memberikan keleluasan serta tantangan yang besar untuk kontraktor. Sehingga apabila kontraktor dapat melakukan investasinya di Indonesia secara lebih efisien maka keuntungan yang didapatkan juga akan lebih besar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan didapatkan nilai NPV sebesar 28.282 MMUSD dan nilai IRR sebesar 16.684%. Sehingga pada kasus lapangan ini, dengan menggunakan sistem kontrak PSC Gross Split dikatakan layak. Selain itu, apabila dilihat dari segi analisis sensitivitasnya bahwa parameter yang paling mempengaruhi adalah harga gas dan komponen variabel. Suatu proyek dapat dikatakan menguntungkan atau layak apabila nilai NPV > 0 (positif), IRR > MARR, dan POT < umur proyek. Nilai MARR yang telah ditentukan yaitu sebesar 15%. Sehingga untuk parameter variable split memiliki nilai minimum agar tidak di bawah dari nilai MARR yaitu sebesar 17.22%. Sedangkan untuk harga gas, memiliki nilai minimum dengan persen perubahan sebesar 85%. Kata-kata kunci: PSC gross split, Variable Split ABSTRACTWith the existing problems in PSC contract system of Cost Recovery, the Government is devising new schemes namely PSC Gross Split. The scheme is designed in order to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the pattern of results for the production of oil and natural gas. Where by applying this scheme, it is expected the contractors can do its investments in Indonesia are more efficient, and the scheme is freeing and a great challenge to the contractor so that if a contractor can do investment in Indonesia in more then the profits obtained would also be larger. Based on the results of the research that has been performed, the obtained value NPV of 28,282 MMUSD and the value of the IRR of 16,684%. So in the case of this field, using the system of contract PSC Gross Split is said to be worth. In addition, when viewed in terms of the analysis of the sensitivitasnya that the parameters that most affect is the price of gas and the variable component. A project can be beneficial or feasible if the value of NPV > 0 (positive), IRR > MARR, and POT > age project. The value of the specified i.e. MARR by 15%. So for the parameter variable split has the minimum value so as not under value MARR i.e. of 17.22%. As for the price of gas, has a minimum value with percent change of 85%.