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Backgroundand study aims: Dermatophytes are filamentous fungi characterized by their increased affinity to the keratin of the skin and phanera, and represent the main etiological agent of onychomycosis. The objective of this work is to identify the epidemiological and mycological profile of dermatophyte onychomycoses diagnosed at the laboratory of parasitology and mycology of the Hassan II university hospital of Fez. Patients and Methods:This is a retrospective descriptive study conducted in the laboratory of parasitology mycology of the Hassan II University Hospital of Fez including patients referred for mycological nail sampling during a period of 6 years from November 2015 to October 2021.The identification of the different species of dermatophytes responsible for onychomycosis was based on the observation of macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the colonies.Results: Of these 1673 patients, 460 cases of dermatophyte onychomycosis were confirmed with a prevalence of 27.5%. The age ranged from 9 to 87 years with an average age of 47.94 years. The disease was more common in women than in men, with a sex ratio of 0.63. Localization on the feet was predominant with a percentage of 93.7%. Trichophyton rubrum was the commonest dermatophyte isolated (95.7%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes var interdigitalis (3.3%), Trichophyton verrucosum (0.7%), Trichophyton soudanense (0.2%), and Epidermophyton floccosum (0.2%). Conclusion: Trichophyton rubrum is the genus most involved in dermatophyte onychomycosis in accordance with the data in the literature. This work emphasizes the contribution of mycological examination in the confirmation of the fungal origin of nail diseases, thus orienting the treatment.

Background and study aim: The current study aims to identify the epidemiological and etiological profile of all the yeast infections diagnosed in the laboratory of Parasitology-Medical Mycology of the CHU HASSAN II of Fez. Patients and Methods:This is a retrospective study spread over 5 years, from November 2015 to November 2020, concerning 3672 mycological samples, and including superficial samples taken in the Parasitology-Medical Mycology laboratory (nail scales, skin, scalp, various swabs ...) as well as deep samples (CSF, BAL, blood culture ...), received from different hospital services of the Hassan II University Hospital of Fes . Among these samples, 472 patients were confirmed as carriers of superficial or deep yeast infection after a mycological study (direct examination + culture) of each sample.Results: Of these 3672 patients, 472 were confirmed as carriers of yeast infections, that is a prevalence of 12.8 %. The average age of our patients is 37.61 years.Yeast mycotic disease was more common in women than in men, with a sex ratio M/F=0.76. Candida sp was the prevalent genus (92.37%), followed by Cryptococcus sp (3.38%), Geotricum sp (2.33%), Trichosporon sp (1.48%), and Malassezia sp (0.42%). These different fungi were responsible for different clinical conditions, some isolated from superficial samples dominated by onychomycosis (38.34%), and others from deep samples dominated by fungemia (31, 19%). Conclusion:Yeast diseases are becoming more and more known, ranging from simple superficial damage to systemic infection. Candida albicans is the most commonly identified species, but with the emergence of new species, the incidence of non albicans Candida and other yeasts is continuously increasing. Therefore, given their different susceptibility to antifungal agents, their identification remains necessary.

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