Building Information Modeling is a modern technique that has contributed in improvement of construction industries. Early detection of hazards during the life cycle of the project will contribute to protect the working environment from exposure to risks that will affect the time and cost. The changing nature of the sites makes it difficult in identifying the fall risks accurately. Based on BIM 4D simulation, the objective of this study is to create a computer model by using BIM technology to help accurately determine (a) the hazards of falling from the edges (b) the hazards from struck by falling objects, by relying on the opinions of safety experts in identifying potential risks and demonstrating the effectiveness of this technique in facilitating hazards acknowledgment. In this research, Iraqi safety rules and safety rules of OSHA were adopted. The research idea was applied to a school building project under construction as a case study to benefit from the research outputs in improving the safety of school’s buildings projects. The results displayed that the model prepared by the researchers helped the safety managers in understanding the details and sequence of work easily, thus contributed to the precise identification of the falling hazards, use suitable safety equipment for each risk, in addition to the possibility of using this model as a training program for workers in the workplace to help give an idea of the nature of risk which they may be exposed it, increase safety communication and generate time schedule empty from risks. Safety managers believe that this model can contribute to improve workplaces safety and prevent time and cost losses due to reliance on inaccurate methods based on static 2D schemes and sense in risk identification.

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Knowing and developing the construction organizations' maturity level in risk management is critical to ensure they achieve their strategic objectives. This paper aims to design a new construction organizations' risk-management maturity model (C.ORM3) using new hybrid techniques and a distinct validation strategy based on global and local experience, to assess risk management maturity level in developing countries. A multi-steps methodology was adopted in this research. The study adopted an excessive systematic literature reviews of 22 previous articles on RM maturity and four standards and guidelines for eliciting model components. These components include five attributes with 26 capabilities; 24 capabilities identified from literature review and 2 from experts. These capabilities are evaluated against five levels: immature, ad-hoc, standard, managed, and optimized. The authors adopted a new strategy for validating the model by three groups of global and local experts and verifying the proposed model in a realistic-world case study. This study is the first to use a hybrid method based on the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation (FSE) techniques in evaluating RM maturity (RMM). Iraqi construction organizations validate the practicality of the model. The results showed that the overall RMM level of the Iraqi construction sector is 1.52, between immature and ad-hoc. The model has been converted into a computer template for ease of use by organizations. This study concluded that the suggested C.ORM3 helpful for construction organisations to evaluate their current state of RM and plan for future development.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and / or probiotic supplementation as feed additives on some blood biochemical traits (Hemoglobin concentration(Hb), Total protein(TP), Total cholesterol(TCH), Triglycerides(TG) in local Awassi male lambs. This experiment was performed in Vet. Medicine College / Kufa University. Twenty four lambs at age of 2-3 months were randomly divided into four groups (6 each) as follows: Group(G) one (Control) was fedon concentrate diet at the rate of 2% BW with wheat straw, G2 was given 5g/head of SC mixed with diet, G3 was given 1g/head /weekly of probiotic (Biolact®), G4 was given SC and probiotic (Biolact®)mixed with diet as mentioned in G2 and G3 respectively. Blood samples were taken monthly to study the traits above. Results revealed that the G2,G3 and G4 showed significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control group in Hb values.G4 showed significantly (P<0.05) higher in TP values than other groups at last experiment. While inTCH, G4 illustrated the lowest values than other groups at all periods and alternated G2 the significantly decreasing was detected in TG values than other groups at the last two months. In conclusion: the SC and probiotic combination improved the blood biochemical traits in Awassi male lambs.