Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate chemical constituents of leaves and seeds of Corchorus olitorius since no phytochemical investigation had been done previously in Iraq.Methods: Leaves and seeds of C. olitorius were defatted by maceration in hexane for 24 h. The defatted plant materials were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus, the aqueous methanol 85% as a solvent extraction for 24 h, and fractionated by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and n-butanol after hydrolysis fractions for each part (leaves and seeds) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for its phenolic acid and flavonoid contents. The petroleum ether fraction from the leaves was analyzed using Gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Flavonoids and phenolic acid derivative were isolated from the ethyl acetate of leaf fraction and n-butanol after hydrolysis fraction of the seeds and identified by mass spectrometry, infrared, HPLC, and HPTLC.Results: The different chromatographic and spectroscopic results revealed the presence of luteolin, quercetin, astragalin, isoquercetin, catechins, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA) in both leaves and seeds of C. olitorius and also 17-octadecynoic acid, 9-octadecanoic acid (oleic acid), hexadecenoic acid (palmitic acid), 9,12-octadecanoic acid (linoleic acid), octadecadien-1-ol (β-sitosterol), and α-tocopherol (Vitamin E) in the petroleum ether fraction of C. olitorius leaves.Conclusion: The results of the current study proved the presence of 3,5-DCQA, astragalin, and isoquercetin in the ethyl acetate fraction of C. olitorius leaves and catechin in the n-butanol after hydrolysis fraction of C. olitorius seeds.

The aim of our study was to investigate the antiviral activity of the Corchorus olitorius family Tiliaceae cultivated in Iraq against measles virus, and to demonstrate an overview about chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of Corchorus olitorius L. About150 gm Leaves of Corchorus. olitorius were defatted by maceration in hexane for 24 hrs. The defatted plant materials were subjected for extraction after filtration using Soxhlet apparatus, with aqueous methanol 85% as a solvent extraction for 24 hours, the extract was filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to get a dry extract of about 12 gm. About 4 gm from the residue was suspended in 100ml water, about 3-4ml of 5% sodium hydroxide was added to obtain a basic solution having PH 10 and partitioned with ethyl acetate (3x100ml), the aqueous layer collected and evaporated to dryness. MTT-cell viability assay (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) was conducted on 96-well plates (Falcon), Vero cells were seeded at 1× 104 cells/well to obtain a multiplicity of infection (MOI 10), and at 5 × 103 cells/well to obtain a multiplicity of infection (MOI 5). Different statistical result revealed a significant antiviral activity of the aqueous layer of Corchorus olitorius leaves against measles virus. The preliminary phytochemical tests showed the presence of phenols and flavonoids in the aqueous layer of Corchorus olitorius leaves. The antiviral activity of Corchorus olitorius leaves is mainly due to the phenolics and flavonoids that detected in the aqueous layer.

Solidago canadensis L. (S. canadensis) is a member of the Asteraceae family, which comprises over a 100 species. The aerial portion of S. canadensis was defatted by maceration in hexane for 24 hours; the defatted plant components were extracted for 24 hours using a Soxhlet apparatus and aqueous ethanol 85%, and then fractionated by diff erent solvents. The ethyl acetate, and chloroform fractions were examined using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). The examination revealed the presence of several phenolics, coumarins, and fl avonoid compounds. Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC) was utilized to isolate several compounds. Eugenol-o-glucoside, 2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, and 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (Hircinol) have been isolated and identifi ed in the plant for the fi rst time. High-throughput cytopathic eff ect (CPE) inhibitory tests for the H1N1 virus on vero cells were developed to investigate new potential antiviral agents. A crystal violet uptake assay was used to measure the cytotoxic and antiviral eff ects. The polyphenols in the ethyl acetate fraction showed high antiviral activities against H1N1 with a selective index (SI) = estimated CC50/estimated IC50 = 23.6. Consequently, the tested samples are good candidates for further experiments as anti-infl uenza H1N1

Due to the increase in cancer cases worldwide, natural products are gaining interest, particularlythose herb-based extractsare growing. Plants are classified as one of the primary suppliers of bioactive components. The species Solidago Canadensis, Asterales, Asteraceae, and Plantae are found in Iraq. The upper parts of these plants are very often utilized to treat inflammatory disorders. S. Canadensis L. has been extracted as phytochemical compounds for anti-colorectal adenocarcinoma and -acute monocytic leukemia (AML) in in-vivo cancer models to find novel sources of the anticancer mixture.The relationship between each investigation is one of the critical phases for the effects associated with this particular style of study. In the present research, extracted phytochemical compounds from S. Canadensis L. were discovered to significantly inhibit colorectal adenocarcinoma and AML in vitro, and the narrative makes this compound promising for antitumor activity testing in vivo.