No abstract

Because of the medicinal and economic importance of Citrobacter freundii, as well as the fact that there are only a few local studies on it, the purpose of this study was to isolate and identify this important bacterial species from chicken using differential media with comparable biochemical properties. There is a severe concern about the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) creating bacteria in animal husbandry, which could be transmitted to humans. C. freundii was detected through the use of specific associated genes that enable this bacterium to resist the effects of antibiotics, making it highly resistant. For detection of this bacteria and recognition of distinct types of resistance genes, polymerase chain reaction was used. Further confirmation, purified PCR product was subjected to sequencing. It showed 99.80% homology with Switzerland isolates available in the NCBI database. Forty two isolates of C. freundii were isolated from (450) fecal sample collected from different region of AL- Diwaniyah province.

Because of Citrobacter freundii' medical and economic value, as well as the fact that there are only a few local investigations on it,  the study aimed to assess the anti-microbial activities of clove  extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) and to evaluate the phytochemicals present in them, using the agar well diffusion method  The antimicrobial activity was either weak or very strong with inhibition zones ranging from 10 to 21 mm in gram negative , in vitro results confirmed the efficacy of clove extract as natural antimicrobials and suggested the possibility of its use in treatment of such bacterial infections. The findings indicate that ,besides being safe and sensorially attractive, Citrobacter freundii has antimicrobial activity, which makes it a potential substitute for chemical food preservatives. avoiding healthy hazards of chemically antimicrobial agent applications. Ethanolic extract of clove had the highest inhibitory effect against Citrobacter freundii  (21) mm ,whereas aqueous  extract respectively was effective against it  (20.) mm, The chemical constituents of clove seeds were analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). nineteen and twenty seven chemical constituents were identified based on GC-MS from clove extract(aqueous and ethanolic).

Because of Citrobacter freundii' medical and economic value, as well as the fact that there are only a few local investigations on it,  the study aimed to assess the anti-microbial activities of clove  extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) and to evaluate the phytochemicals present in them, using the agar well diffusion method  The antimicrobial activity was either weak or very strong with inhibition zones ranging from 10 to 21 mm in gram negative , in vitro results confirmed the efficacy of clove extract as natural antimicrobials and suggested the possibility of its use in treatment of such bacterial infections. The findings indicate that ,besides being safe and sensorially attractive, Citrobacter freundii has antimicrobial activity, which makes it a potential substitute for chemical food preservatives. avoiding healthy hazards of chemically antimicrobial agent applications. Ethanolic extract of clove had the highest inhibitory effect against Citrobacter freundii  (21) mm ,whereas aqueous  extract respectively was effective against it  (20.) mm, The chemical constituents of clove seeds were analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). nineteen and twenty seven chemical constituents were identified based on GC-MS from clove extract(aqueous and ethanolic) .