Introduction: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) chemotherapy leads to ovarian failure and infertility. Tocotrienol (T3) is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. The role of T3 in ovarian protection throughout chemotherapy remains unclear. Aim: To investigate the role of T3 in the preservation of female fertility in CPA treatment. Method: Sixty female mice were divided into five treatment groups, namely, normal saline, corn oil only, T3 only, CPA and CPA + T3. The treatment was given for 30 days, followed by administration of gonadotrophin to induce ovulation. After killing, both ovaries were collected and examined histologically. Results: There was significant reduction in ovarian size in the CPA group compared with the normal group (CPA versus normal, mean area ± SD; 0.118 ± 0.018 vs. 0.423 ± 0.024 cm2; p ≤ 0.005), whilst concurrent administration of T3 with CPA leads to conservation of ovarian size (CPA + T3 vs. CPA, mean area ± SD; 0.285 ± 0.032 vs. 0.118 ± 0.018 cm2; p ≤ 0.005). Ovaries in CPA group showed abnormal folliculogenesis with accompanied reduced ovulation rate, follicular oedema, increased vascularity and inflammatory cell infiltration. These changes were reversed by concurrent T3 administration. Conclusion: Co-administration of T3 with CPA confers protection of ovarian morphology and function in vivo. These findings contribute to the further elucidation of CPA effect on ovary and suggest the potential of T3 use in preserving fertility in chemotherapy.

Hypercholesterolemia is one of serious challenge during pregnancy that affects fetuses. This study has been undertaken to explore whether ginger supplementation maintains on delivery offspring in normal numbers and restore normal cholesterol levels in pregnant rats. Forty female rats with age 10 to 12 weeks have been divided into two groups; thirty Hpercholestrolemic pregnant rats and ten healthy pregnant rats. Hpercholestrolemic pregnant rats were equally divided into three groups; first group given normal saline, second group given simvastatin and third group treated with ginger after delivery litter size and weights were estimated for all dams. Dams were sacrificed and livers were removed and weighed, then fixed with 10% formalin and histopathological processing was performed. Results revealed that numbers of offspring in dams treated with ginger were nearby those of control while number of offspring from dams of simvastatin treated groups were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased than those of control group. Histpoathological examination of liver rats of hyperchol+Simvastatin showed obvious dilatation of central hepatic vein and examination of liver in Simvastatin group showed dilatation of central hepatic vein. While histpoathological examination of liver rats of ginger group showed normal radiation of hepatocytes.

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