Despite many mothers' interest in establishing romantic relationships following divorce, some worry about the impacts of dating transitions, such as starting or ending a dating relationship, for their children's adjustment. The literature illustrates that transitions in and out of relationships could hinder children's post-divorce adjustment, but a supportive relationship between children and mothers could buffer the damaging effects. Prior research mostly focused on repartnering (i.e., cohabitation and remarriage) whereas a comparative form of romantic experience, post-divorce dating, is understudied. Postdivorce dating, a critical precondition for cohabitation and remarriage, is assumed to have the power to shape family stability and functioning. The goal of this study is to examine the impact of mothers' post-divorce dating transitions for children's adjustment. Additionally, we test child-mother rapport as a moderator for the relationship between dating transitions and children's adjustment. Longitudinal data for this study comes from mothers of elementary-aged children who were within three months of filing for divorce (N = 316). Results from hierarchical linear models show that mothers' dating transitions exert little direct effect on children's adjustment. However, child-mother rapport moderated the relationships between the time in mothers' dating relationships and children's prosocial behaviors, and between mothers' romantic breakups and children's externalizing behaviors. This adds further support that high child-mother rapport benefits children's adjustment within the context of divorce. Overall, the results suggest that the post-divorce dating relationship transitions may influence children's well-being via indirect pathways and the moderation effect of child-mother rapport on children's behavior are inconsistent across dating transitions. Implications for family adjustment and future research are discussed.Keywords Post-divorce dating • Children's adjustment • Child-mother rapport • Family transition • Hierarchical linear modeling. Highlights •Prior to cohabitation and remarriage, divorced parents are likely to go through multiple post-divorce dating transitions, which are assumed to be able to shape family adjustment. •Results reveal that child-mother rapport moderated the relationship between children's externalizing behaviors and the breakup of a dating relationship after divorce, and the relationship between children's prosocial behavior and the time of a dating relationship.• Other post-divorce dating transitions did not predict changes in children's behaviors.

The end of marriage does not mean the end of romantic relationships. In fact, many individuals form serious relationships within two years of filing for divorce. How people form relationships after divorce tends to vary, however, as some date multiple partners, some date only one partner, and some do not date at all. Evolutionary theory provides a theoretical foundation to explain the differences among individuals in terms of approaches, timing, and the number of co-occurring relationships surrounding the formation of romantic relationships again after divorce. The goal of this chapter is to discuss post-divorce relationship formation processes, variables that influence the maintenance of these relationships, and the consequences of forming post-divorce relationships from an evolutionary perspective. Additionally, we discuss the implications of post-divorce romance and provide some guidance for future studies to better understand how and why individuals form relationships after divorce, as well as the consequences of post-divorce relationships for all individuals involved.