The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an exercise program on muscle strength, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), health perception, and depression among post-stroke elders. Methods: Nonequivalent control group design with pretest and posttest was used. A total of 23 post-stroke elders who met inclusion criteria were recruited. Muscle strength in upper and lower extremities, ADL, health perception, and self-rated symptoms of depression were measured. The exercise program consisted of deep breathing, range of motion, and muscle strengthening exercises using Thera-band, 30~40 min/day, three days a week, for 12 weeks. Results: Muscle strength of right shoulder (U=11.50, p=.001), right leg (U=13.50, p=.002), and health perception (U=24.00, p=.010) in the experimental group was significantly higher compared to the control group at 12 weeks of post-intervention. Depression scores were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group at 6 weeks (U=28.00, p=.021), at 12 weeks (U=22.00, p=.006) of an exercise program. Conclusion: By applying this program, post-stroke elders showed increases in muscle strength and a decrease in depression as well as improvement of health perception. Further study is needed to verify the effects of the exercise program on cardiovascular physiologic variables through long-term follow-up.
Bariatric patients are difficult to assess clinically for signs of postoperative complication. Diagnostic laparoscopy (DL) is used to investigate patients suspicious for complications such as anastomotic leak (AL) and intra-abdominal hemorrhage (IH). Most bariatric surgeons use DL in the presence of sustained tachycardia; however, the rate of this procedure and its clinical value have not been sufficiently investigated.A retrospective review of patients undergoing bariatric surgery from January 2010 to December 2011 was performed. Data from 4 collaborative bariatric centres of excellence were included in this analysis. From among all elective bariatric procedures, cases that required early reoperation were selected for further evaluation.A total of 1001 elective bariatric procedures were identified. Of these, 952 (95%) were primary bariatric procedures, including 866 (91%) Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses and 86 (9%) sleeve gastrectomies. The remaining 48 cases represented revisional proced ures. Of these, 11 patients (1.1%) returned to the operating room within 72 hours for DL: 64% were primary cases (n = 7) and 36% revisional cases (n = 4). Intraoperative findings included AL (45%, n = 5), IH (27%, n = 3), no pathology identified (18%, n = 2) and small bowel obstruction (9%, n = 1). Of the 9 patients with complications, all were tachycardic (heart rate > 100 beats/min), and 4 of the 5 patients with AL were febrile (t > 37.5). There were no reported adverse events directly related to the use of DL.Diagnostic laparoscopy is a useful and safe option for both the diagnosis and treatment of suspected complications after bariatric surgery. The majority of patients returning to operating room had significant findings, and all were treated laparoscopically. Persistent postoperative tachycardia or fever were highly predictive of positive findings during DL. An emphasis on early decisionmaking and expeditious return to the operating room for laparoscopy should be the standard for bariatric patients on clinical suspicion of a postoperative complication.
4Changes of active and total ghrelin, GLP-1 and PYY following restrictive bariatric surgery and their impact on satiety: comparison of sleeve gastrectomy and adjustable gastric banding. A
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