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Energy-dispersive (X-ray) diffraction has been used on a third generation synchrotron source to study, in situ, the hydrothermal crystallisation of zirconia from the pre-cursor hydroxide under autoclave conditions. Because the sample and enclosure are highly absorbing, it is necessary to collect data at high energy so that meaningful Avrami-kinetics parameters can be determined over the temperature range of 200-250 C. A clear lowering of the activation energy for crystallisation is observed when using cerium-doped materials.