Anal canal duplication (ACD) is a rare entity that is difficult to recognize. After the presentation of two patients, a review of the literature found 45 reported patients with ACD. This article presents the largest collection of known patients ACD in the literature. Of the 47 patients, 43 were female. The mean age at presentation was 28 months (range 0-24 years). The majority of the duplications were discovered incidentally (n = 21). Several presented with infectious complications such as epidural abscess with sepsis. Forty-two patients manifested an opening in the midline posterior to the native anus. Eighteen patients had associated anomalies, the majority of which were midline. Thirty-five of the patients underwent successful resection with rare complications. ACDs characteristically appear in females as incidental findings of an extra perineal orifice. They are frequently associated with additional congenital anomalies. Generally, ACDs are resectable with excellent outcomes.

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Objective: To establish and compare the prevalence of Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization in the vaginas of non-obstetric women with and without vaginitis. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional analysis Group B streptococcus vaginal culture status of non-pregnant, estrogen-replete women ≥18 years presenting for annual gynecological exams or vaginal infection. Subjects were classified into 3 groups: no vaginitis (NV) if symptoms were absent and exam was normal, common vaginitis (CV) if microscopic exam revealed yeast, bacterial vaginosis or trichomonads, or inflammatory vaginitis (IV) if exam revealed inflammation and immature squamous cells, but no pathogens. Results: Of the 215 women recruited: 147 (68.4%) showed no evidence of vaginitis, 41 (19.1%) had CV, and 27 (12.6%) showed evidence of IV. The overall prevalence rate of GBS was 22.8%. Vaginitis was associated with a significantly increased risk of GBS colonization [Adjusted OR: CV 2.7 (1.1-6.2); IV 2.9 (1.1-8.0)]. Logistic regression revealed pH >4.5, presence of abnormal discharge on exam and a women's complaint of current symptoms to be significant predicators of the presence of GBS. Conclusion: GBS colonization occurs more commonly in women with vaginitis. This suggests that disruption of the normal vaginal bacterial environment is an important predictor for GBS colonization.