The exposome is a complex scientific field that has enjoyed consistent growth over the last two decades, defined as the composite of every exposure to which an individual is subjected from conception to death. The study of the exposome requires consideration of both the nature of those exposures and their changes over time, and as such necessitates high quality data and software solutions. As the exposome is both a broad and a recent concept, it is challenging to define or to introduce in a structured way. Thus, an approach to assist with clear definitions and a structured framework is needed for the wider scientific and public communication. Results: A set of 14 personas were developed through three focus groups and a series of 14 semi-structured interviews. The focus groups defined the broad themes specific to exposome research, while the sub-themes emerged to saturation via the interviews process. Personas are imaginary individuals that represent segments/groups of real people within a population. Within the context of the HEAP project, the created personas represented both exposome data generators and users. Conclusion: Personas have been implemented successfully in computer science, improving the understanding of human-computer interaction. The creation of personas specific to exposome research adds a useful tool supporting education and outreach activities for a complex scientific field.

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Introduction-Point-of-care ultrasonography is a burgeoning field of practice and study. Although point-of-care ultrasonography has started to penetrate the field of wilderness medicine, its use in cold environments is often limited by poor battery performance. In the current study, we investigated the effect of chemical foot warmers on battery runtime of handheld ultrasound machines in cold weather. Methods-This prospective study used a balanced, crossover randomization design to compare handheld ultrasound machines exposed to cold weather with and without the application of chemical foot warmers. Time to power off, ambient temperature, air humidity, and wind speed were recorded for each trial and compared in a mixed-effects model analysis of variance. Results-Ultrasound machines showed significantly decreased functional battery life with decreasing temperature (P<0.01) and increasing wind speed (P=0.01). Addition of the chemical foot warmer resulted in a statistically significant increase in handheld ultrasound machine runtime compared with controls (P<0.001). Overall machine runtime was increased by approximately 21.8 min (95% CI 16.2À27.3). Conclusions-The application of chemical foot warmers to handheld ultrasound machines exposed to cold environments prolongs usable battery life and, consequently, may allow for extended scanning time in austere and remote environments.