Background:Cognitive impairments are common in individuals with MS and adversely affect functioning. Early detection of cognitive impairment, therefore, would enable earlier, and possibly more effective, treatment. We sought to compare self-reports with a short neuropsychological test as possible screening tools for cognitive impairment.

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Control group participants underwent memory exercises at the same frequency and duration as the treatment group, but without exposure to visualization and context. Main Outcome Measure(s): Patterns of cerebral activation on functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Results: In the treatment group, significant decreases in brain activity were observed in fronto-parietal regions and significant increases in activity were noted in regions of the default mode network. Behavioral improvements in prose memory were similarly observed. Conclusions: Results, suggest that encoding is less effortful and requires less cognitive resources after treatment than before treatment.

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