Background: Hemodialysis-catheter associated infections are a crucial problem for hemodialysis patients in the inpatient and outpatient venues. So, our aim was to identify bacterial pattern of hemodialysis central catheter associated infection (HD-CAI) and study the risk factors in developing HD-CAI in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients admitted and followed in the Clinical Nephrology unit,

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Many factors including inflammation, oxidative stress, and vitamin D deficiency contribute to insulin resistance (IR). Vitamin D requires attention because of the kidney's involvement in vitamin D metabolism, the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in CKD, and the effect of vitamin D that may cover multiple factors contributing to IR in CKD, as inflammation. Aim: To Identify the role of vitamin D deficiency in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Patients and Methods: The study was performed as a cross-sectional study including 84 patients with T2DM admitted in Suez Canal University Hospitals. Results: In diabetics with normal kidney function 64.3% of patients had sufficient level of vitamin D, while 14.3% of patients had vitamin D deficiency. In diabetics with late nephropathy 46.4% of patients had vitamin D deficiency with significant relationship between the progress of DN and vitamin D level (p value ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: vitamin D deficiency is strongly associated with DN.

Background:The presence of insulin resistance (IR) and compensatory hyper-insulinemia is strongly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages and constellates with other abnormalities such as obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. CKD is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A variety of factors, including inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic acidosis are associated with insulin resistance. Aim: To identify the relationship between insulin resistance and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Patients and Methods: The study was performed as a cross-sectional study including 84 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted in Suez Canal University Hospitals. Results: In diabetics with normal kidney function 28.6% of had IR, while 78.6% of diabetic patients with late DKD had IR according to HOMA-IR with significant relationship between the progress of DKD and IR (p value ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The presence of insulin resistance is strongly associated with DKD and its progress.