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Background: The common house mosquito, Culex pipiens, is abundant in Egypt and act as a vector of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. Aim: The present study aimed to compare the toxic effect of rose bengal a photosensitizer to that of chlorpyrifos, a commercially available larvicide against the early 3 rd larval instar of Cx. pipiens. Methods: We compare the toxic effect of rose Bengal exposed to sunlight from 10 am to 4 pm to that of chlorpyrifos, against the early 3 rd larval instar of Cx. pipiens. Results: Treatments revealed dose-dependent mortality, reaching 100% after treatment with rose bengal for 6 hrs and 90.6% for chlorpyrifos for 24 hrs. Six hours post-treatments, the LC50 of rose bengal and chlorpyrifos were 4.9x10-6 and 4.9x10-4 , respectively; while the LC95 were 2.0x10-3 and 4.0x0-3 , respectively. Based on the LC50 values of chlorpyrifos as a reference substance, rose bengal was found 100 times more potent than chlorpyrifos. The LT50 of rose bengal ranged from 34.8 to 1.1 hrs post-treatment with1×10-6 M and 1×10-2 , respectively. The LT50 values of chlorpyrifos ranged from 3065.9 to 6.1 hrs after subjecting to 1×10-4 M and 1×10-3 , respectively. Conclusion: It could be concluded that rose bengal could be used to prevent mosquito bites and their associated diseases as an alternative to traditional insecticides and an eco-friendly larvicide.

Trichinella spiralis is one of the most widespread zoonotic parasitic nematodes in the world. There is an increasing interest in developing new safe and effective anthelminthic herbal drug against T. spiralis. This study assessed the effect of curcumin (bioactive compound of C. longa) in treatment of T. spiralis infected mice compared with albendazole. Seventy-five albino mice were classified into four groups. GI: Non-infected control, GII: Infected nontreated control, GIII: Treated early 3 rd dpi by albendazole alone, curcumin alone, and combination of albendazole & curcumin, and GIV: Treated on 31 st dpi by the same drugs. Mice were sacrificed on the 7 th dpi for intestinal phase assessment and on the 49 th dpi for muscle assessment. Treatment efficiency was assessed by parasitological and histopathological examinations. The results showed a significant decrease in intestinal adults ' count in all treated groups compared to non-treated cont rolones. Reduction rates of the intestinal phase were 92.87% in albendazole & curcumin treated group followed by 87.58% in albendazole treated group and 62.93% in curcumin treated group. There was also significant decrease in muscle larvae count compared to positive control ones by reduction rates of 84.03%, 70.38% & 44.96% for albendazole &curcumin, albendazole alone and curcumin alone respectively. The histopathological results showed improvement in intestinal and muscular architecture in all treated groups compared to positive control one, particularly in combined albendazole & curcumin treated group.

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