Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), coronavirus disease (COVID-19) had become the global concern as public health emergency. Cases are increasing as alarming rate. WHO also reported that prognosis of COVID-19 remains mostly unknown. Aim: This study aimed to assess risk perceptions for Covid-19 among individuals with chronic diseases pre-post COVID -19 Vaccination Announcement. Research design: exploratory comparative research design was employed to achieve the study objectives. Setting: The study was conducted at cardiac and diabetic outpatient clinics at Alexandria Main University Hospital, Egypt. Subjects: The study included random sample of 80 adult patients from both genders diagnosed as cardiovascular disorders, Diabetes Meletus, or both, who are admitted to the above-mentioned settings were included in the study. Tools: two tools were used for data collection; tool I-Patient Demographic characteristics and clinical data, tool II-perception of COVID 19 risk. Results: this study shows that the highest percentage of studied patients had high risk perception pre-post vaccination announcement. Also results revealed that more than half of studied patients agree with such statement " If the individual receive the vaccine, he leaves the precautionary measures and live a normal life" pre -post vaccination announcement. Conclusion: This study concluded that the highest percentage of studied patients had high risk perception pre COVID-19 vaccination announcement while all studied patients had high risk perception post vaccination announcement. Recommendations: Replication of the study on large probability sampling is require.

Assessing the quality of life for patients pre/ post pacemaker implantation can help nurses better understand how disease and treatment affect patients' lives. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life of patients pre/post permanent cardiac pacemaker implantation. Design: A descriptive comparative study was utilized for conducting the study.

Background: Many studies recommend that nursing interventions such as maintaining adequate hydration and light to moderate exercise, as well as rest keep HCV patients who suffer from extrahepatic manifestations tend to feel better. The nurses have a major role in the developing and implementing an effective nursing educational interventions for such sufferers. Aim of the study: This study aimed at identifying the effect of an educational nursing interventions program on the severity of extrahepatic manifestations among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus. Design: A quasi-experimental research design. Sample: Forty adult patients with HCV infection were assigned randomly. Setting: The present study was conducted at the Outpatient clinics of Shark El Madinah hospital, Alexandria, Egypt. Tools: Three tools were used for data collection. Results: this study illustrated that all of the knowledge scores of the studied patients with hepatitis C virus were highly statistically significant improved post implementation of the educational program. There were no significant differences between score of nursing interventions with scores of severities of extrahepatic manifestations pre and 4 weeks post implementation of the program. While there were significant differences between them 8 weeks post implementation of educational nursing program. Conclusion: this study exemplified that all of the knowledge scores of the studied patients related to chronic HCV infection, its extrahepatic manifestations and nursing interventions to deal with these manifestations were highly statistically significant improved post implementation of the educational program. However, there is no significant difference between the scores of severity of extrahepatic manifestations among the studied patients pre and post implementation of educational program. Recommendations: it is recommended that educational nursing intervention program should be applied to all patients with chronic hepatitis C virus in suitable environment for teaching and supported with more audiovisual materials.